BIOL 1107 1nd Edition Lecture 24 Outline of Last Lecture I Gene Expression Prokaryotic II Gene Regulation III Terminology IV Gene Expression Eukaryotic Outline of Current Lecture I Genetically Modified Organisms GMOs II Bio farming III Plasmids Restriction Enzymes Current Lecture I GMOs What s a GMO An organism whose genetic material has been altered using genetic engineering techniques Organisms that have been genetically modified include micro organisms such as bacteria and yeast insects plants fish and mammals Why genetically modify crops o A lot of crops re genetically engineered to be resistant to certain herbicides o Herbicides kill weeds so weeds will be destroyed plants will be able to grow o Vitamin deficiency what s the best way increase vitamin A production Golden rice genetically engineered the enzymes that make beta cariton precursor to vitamin A o 1 bowl of rice 60 of daily intake of vitamin A Problems GMO o Antibiotic resistance genes o Are they dangerous Could consuming them cause harm to humans growing debate Most GMOs are labeled in supermarkets Why do genetic engineering o Glofish GMO model organisms for developmental studies GPC green fluorescent protein inserted if water quality was bad fish would glow intention These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute Do you know someone who takes insulin for diabetes o Pigs cows insulin gene some people developed antibodies to these products and also purification process might not be 100 o 1955 Frederich Sanger won Nobel Price for insulin discovery o Human insulin production II Bio farming III Similar process can be used to make human growth hormone Genetically engineered animals Cows excrete lots of protein in milk Hemophilia blood doesn t clot any small cut can turn into life threatening incidence o HIV lot of hemophiliacs started getting it o Expressing clotting factors goat milk Good way of purifying out a large amount of protein Plasmids and Restriction Enzymes Plasmids tiny circles of DNA generally 5 000 bp o Contain small number of genes antibiotic resistant Gene cloning Restriction enzymes cut up DNA using this endonucleases cut DNA internally Restriction sites properties o 4 6 bp long o Palindromic same forward as it is backward MADAM RADAR How do restriction enzymes work Like all enzymes restriction enzymes are highly specific They cut DNA only within very precise recognition sequences DNA Recombinant DNA molecules ligase to seal it up Recombinant DNA Bacterium replicate and divide make lots of protein OR Recombinant DNA insert RNA molecule in goat and her to produce it in milk
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