NUR 0012 Lecture 19 Ch.8 Cont.: Joint Movements, Classifications, and InjuriesOutline of Last Lecture I. Ch. 8 Cont.A. Fibrous joints1. Sutures2. Syndesmoses3. GymphosesB. Non-movable/slightly movable joints1. Synchondroses 2. Symphyses C. Synovial joints1. Ligaments2. Joint cavity3. Articular capsule: joint capsule and synovial membrane4. Bursae and tendon sheaths5. Movement allowed by synovial joints Outline of Current Lecture I. Ch. 8 Cont. A. Joint movements1. Flexion/extension2. Dorsiflexion/plantarflexion3. Abduction/adduction4. Rotary movementsThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.5. Pronation/supination6. Inversion/eversion7. Protraction/ retraction8. Elevation/depressionB. Classes of synovial joints1. Plane joints2. Hinge joints3. Pivot joints4. Condylar joints5. Saddle joint6. Ball and socket jointsC. Injuries of the kneeCurrent LectureI. Ch. 8 Cont.A. Joint movements1. Flexion and extension of knee is backwards2. Dorsiflexion and plantarflexion are used to describe movement of ankle jointa. Dorsiflexion is extension of ankle jointb. Plantarflexion is flexion of your ankle3. Abduction: take body part away from midline, normally appendicular parts4. Adduction: add body part back to midline5. Rotary movements: bones can move about their long axisa. Circumduction: move joint through all major body planes at onceb. Medial/internal rotationc. Lateral/external rotation6. Pronation-supination only occurs at the radio-ulnar jointsa. Arm is supine in anatomical position7. Inversion (ankle towards the midline) and eversion (ankle away from midline)used for foot movements (ankle joint)8. Protraction (move forward) and retraction (moving part posteriorly) a. Can also refer to scapular movements9. Elevation and depression moves parts inferior and superiora. Can also refer to scapular movements10. Wrist and thumb movements are uniquea. Radial flexionb. Ulnar flexionc. Abduction of fingers: can spread fingers apart from each otherd. Abduction of thumb: moving thumb away from fingerse. Opposition of thumb: can touch thumb to fingersf. Opposition and reposition sets us apart from dogs1) Driving force in evolution11. Other movementsa. Flexionb. Hyperextensionc. Lateral flexiond. Right rotatione. RotationB. 6 Classes of synovial joints1. Plane/gliding joints: 2 relatively flat surfaces covered with hyaline cartilagea. intervertebral, intercarpal, and sacroiliac joints, pretty restrictive by ligaments and tendons2. Hinge joints: restrictive but pretty decent amount of motiona. Elbow: doesn’t like to go beyond verticle3. Pivot joints: proximal radioulnar joint held in place by series of ligamentsa. Dens has a joint that attaches to C14. Condylar joints: “a sloppy hinge”, metacarpal phalange joints, some classify the knee as one 5. Saddle joint: joint between trapezium and first metacarpal, gives thumb movement6. Ball and socket joints: in the shoulder and coxal region, true multiaxial jointsC. Injuries1. Knee: encapsulated by ligaments and muscles a. Quads insert into patella by a tendonb. Tibial collateral ligament: MCLc. Fibial collateral ligament: LCL, a little weaker than MCLd. Sagittal section: knee has ligaments on inside surface, anterior (ACL) and posterior cruciate ligaments, when damaged very small chance of recoverye. Pads of fibrocartilage: medial and lateral meniscus, shock absorbers, injury of MCL can tear some of the medial meniscus along with itf. Unhappy/Unholy Triad (sports injury) involves ACL, MCL, and one or both of the meniscia. Research shows more lateral meniscus tears when they have this
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