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Pitt NUR 0012 - Chapter 5: The integumentary system
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NUR 0012 Lecture 11 Anatomy and Physiology 1 Lecture: Jake DechantOutline of Last LectureI. Connective tissue (some review from last lecture)A. Common cells in CT: blasts, cytes, clastsB. Proteoglycan: chondroitin, hyaluronic acidC. Fibrous CT: areolar, adipose, dense regular CT, dense irregular CTD. Cartilage: hyaline, elastic, fibrocartilageE. Other CT types: bone, bloodII. Nervous tissue: action potentials, neurons (their composition)III. Muscle tissueA. Contractile proteinsB. SkeletalC. CardiacD. SmoothIV. Tissue repairA. InflammationB. OrganizationC. RegenerationOutline of Current LectureThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.I. Chapter 5: The integumentary systemA. Skin1. Epidermis: melanocytes, dendritic cells, desquamation2. Dermis: papillary and reticular layers3. Hypodermis: adipose and areolar CT4. Accessory glands: hair follicles, sebaceous glands, sweat glandsB. Hair and nailsCurrent LectureI. Chapter 5: The integumentary system: composed of skin and glandsA. Skin is the largest organ in the body (15% of body weight)1. Epidermis: usually 4 to 5 layers of stratified squamous epitheliuma. No blood supply: nutrients cells need coming from underlying layersb. Melanocytes: package melanin (skin pigment) everyone has roughly samenumber of melanocytes but ability to package and develop melanin differsc. Dendritic cellsd. Only basal layers are alivee. Upper layers are dead and keratinizedf. Constant regeneration of cells (about every 20 days): a lot of mitosis in basal layerg. In some types of skin (normally thick like palms of hands or soles of feet) in between corneum and granulosum, you find the stratum lecidumh. Desquamation or slough: when we lose upper layers of cells2. Dermis: mostly dense irregular CT, strong in multiple directionsa. Papillary layerb. Reticular layer: cleavage lines important for scarring after surgery, important in cosmetic surgery, reconstructive surgery3. Hypodermis (not technically part of integument) connects to underlying tissues a. Goes by several names: superficial fascia, subcutaneous layer (subQ)b. Site for injections: good vascular supply, has a lot of adipose to absorbc. Made up of adipose and areolar (loose CT)4. Accessory glandsa. Hair follicles: invaginations of deeper layers of epidermis1) Hair shaft: compressed keratinized epithelium2) Arrector pili: bundle of smooth muscle connects hair follicle to underside of epidermis, sensation you get when hair stands up (when it’s cold helps to warm you up)3) Hair follicle receptors (root hair plexus): hair follicles sensitive to extremely small movementsb. Sebaceous glands: secrete oil onto hair shaft so it doesn’t get brittle and to prevent bacteria, viruses or other pathogensc. Sweat glands: most common type is eccrine sweat glands (located all overthe body)1) Sweat slightly hypertonic (higher concentration of solutes): evaporates easily on surface of skin2) Apocrine sweat glands: in axillary and genital areas, become active during pubertyB. Hair and nails are both specialized types of hard keratinized epithelium1. Don’t need to know all the different parts2. Nail arises from nail bed (from epidermis and dermis), very vascular3. Protects delicate tips of fingers4. Can see capillary beds underneath clear


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Pitt NUR 0012 - Chapter 5: The integumentary system

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