NUR 0012 Lecture 12 Anatomy and Physiology 1 Lecture: Jake DechantOutline of Last Lecture I. Chapter 5: The integumentary systemA. Skin1. Epidermis: melanocytes, dendritic cells, desquamation2. Dermis: papillary and reticular layers3. Hypodermis: adipose and areolar CT4. Accessory glands: hair follicles, sebaceous glands, sweat glandsB. Hair and nailsOutline of Current Lecture I. Ch. 5 cont. Functions of the SkinA. ProtectionB. TemperatureC. SensationD. ExcretionE. Vitamin D (calcitriol)II. Ch. 6: Skeletal systemA. TendonsB. LigamentsThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.C. Cartilage: hyaline, elastic, fibrocartilageD. Interstitial growth and appositional growthE. Bone: long, short, flat, irregular, functions of boneCurrent LectureI. Ch. 5 wrap up: Functions of skinA. Protection: microorganisms, abrasions, insulation, melanin, etc. B. Temperature regulation: increases and decreases, vasoconstriction and vasodilation C. Sensation: vibration receptors, hot and cold receptors (more detail in ch.12)D. Excretion: in addition to salts and water can remove waste products, during kidney failure urea can be excreted through skinE. Vitamin D production: exposure to UV light causes vitamin D production, essential for body to absorb calcium1. As little as 10-15 min a day triggers melanocytes to produce vitamin D (a complex steroid hormone, also called calcitriol)II. Ch. 6: Skeletal system: made of bones, cartilages, tendons, and ligamentsA. Tendons: extensions of CT that attach muscle to boneB. Ligaments: bundles of CT that connect one bone to the nextC. Cartilage: provides support and cushioning1. Hyaline (articular/joint cartilage): hard enough to maintain shape but has flexibility, larynx, smooth and slippery great for covering ends of bones2. Elastic: external ear and epiglottis3. Fibrocartilage: intervertebral discs, pads that stabilize knee joint4. Perichondrium: outer membrane of cartilage5. Chondroblasts: where cartilage can keep adding layers to the outsideD. Two directions in which things grow1. Interstitial growth: adds to overall length (applies to fibrous CT and cartilages)2. Appositional growth: adds to overall thickness (apples to fibrous CT and cartilages)E. Bone 1. shape strongly related to functiona. Long bone: longer than it is wide, humerusb. Flat bone: very strong but very thin, where a lot of red bone marrow is1) parts of pelvis, bulk of cranium, sternumc. Irregular bone: vertebrad. Short bone: wide and short, in ankle and wrist, talus, bones that can handle a tremendous amount of stress2. More than the hard stuff inside our bodiesa. Supportb. Protectionc. Movement: allow muscles to moved. Mineral storage and balance: calcium and phosphate matrixe. Blood cell production: in between flat bones (red bone marrow) f. Fat storageg. Can help regulate pH by absorbing some excess
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