NUR 0012 Lecture 30 Ch. 12 The Central Nervous System: IntroductionOutline of Last LectureI. Ch. 11 fundamentals of the nervous system cont.A. Graded potentialsB. Conduction velocitiesC. Synapse D. 2 types of local/graded potentials that effect neuronsE. NeurotransmittersOutline of Current LectureI. Ch. 12 the central nervous systemA. 3 major brain divisionsB. CNS and PNS develop from in-folding of surface ectoderm in early embryoC. The confines of the skull are the driving force of the shape of the human brainD. 4 ventricles deep inside brainE. The cerebrumCurrent LectureI. Ch. 12 the central nervous systemA. 3 major brain divisions1. Cerebrum: thought, seeing, smelling, hearing2. Brainstem: autonomic reflexes, life sustaining processesa. Midbrainb. PonsThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.c. Medulla oblongata3. Diencephalon: mood, temperature regulationB. CNS and PNS develop from in-folding of surface ectoderm in early embryo1. Surface ectoderm becomes skin over the back2. Neural crest cells become ganglia in PNS: created when neural tube closesC. The confines of the skull are the driving force of the shape of the human brain1. Week 5: 2 major flexures form causing telencephalon and diencephalon to angle toward the brain stema. 2 major flexures: midbrain and cervical2. Week 13: cerebral hemispheres develop and grow posteriolaterally to enclosethe diencephalon and the rostral brain stem3. Birth: adult pattern of structures and convolutionsD. 4 ventricles deep inside brain1. Lateral ventricle2. Third ventricle3. Cerebral aqueduct4. Fourth ventricle5. CSF is produced in the ventricles and circulates through the CNS (more on this later)E. The cerebrum1. Gray matter (cortex) is outside and white matter is inside2. Generalizationsa. Contains motor, sensory and association areasb. Each hemisphere concerned with motor and sensory functions of the contralateral side of the bodyc. Functions lateralizedd. No one area acts alone (PET and fMRI)3. Major regionsa. Longitudinal fissure b. Transverse cerebral fissurec. Left cerebral hemisphere4. 5 major lobes in cerebral hemispherea. Frontal: motor areas mainly here, motor homunculus map b. Parietal: sensoryc. Occipital: sensoryd. Gyri of insulae. Temporal: sensory5. 3 major types of white matter fibers in cerebruma. Commissural fibers (corpus callosum)b. Association fibersc. Projection fibers6. Basal nuclei: gray matter deep inside cerebruma. Help inhibit unwanted muscle contractionsb. Disorders of basal nuclei can lead to resting
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