NUR0012 Lecture 1Outline of Last Lecture I. Introduction and Syllabus (no material learned yet)Current LectureI. Introduction to the study of AnatomyA. Definition of Anatomy and its subdivisionsII. Introduction to the study of PhysiologyA. Definition of Physiology and its subdivisionsIII. ComplementarityIV. Levels of organization in the bodyV. Characteristics for maintaining lifeVI. 11 major organ systemsVII. HomeostasisA. Efferent and afferent pathwaysCurrent LectureI. Anatomy: study of body structures, literally means “cutting things up”A. Anatomy is not stagnant: always developingB. Some subdivisions1. Gross2. Surface3. Developmental4. Microscopic: histology, cytologyII. Physiology: study of how body structures function and how their functions can regulate the bodyA. Body regulated within a narrow range of values: relates to homeostasis which wewill explore further in a bitB. Some subdivisions1. Renal2. Cardio3. NeurophysiologyIII. Idea of complementarity: structure and function intertwine in the bodyA. Different body structures have evolved to perform at an ideal level and to benefitthe human bodyIV. Levels of structural organization in the bodyThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.A. Chemical: molecules, atoms, elements, organellesB. Cellular: basic living unitC. Tissue: group of like cells1. Epithelial2. Connective3. Muscular4. NervousD. Organ: 2 or more types of tissue working together to perform specific functionsE. Organ System: group of organs working together to perform specific functions1. Example used: respiratory system consisting of lungs, bronchi, trachea, etc.F. Organism: can be made up of 1 cell or many cellsV. Characteristics for maintaining lifeA. Maintaining boundaries both outside and inside the bodyB. Ability to move/change shape: musclesC. Ability to respond to stimuli: “irritability”D. Ability to metabolize with both anabolism and catabolismE. Ability to break down food: digestionF. Ability to excrete waste such as urine and fecesG. Ability to reproduce via mitosis and/or meiosisVI. 11 major organ systems (we will explore this topic in more detail later in the course, but here are a few main points to note for now)A. Integumentary: skin helps keep skin wet, regulates heat, etc.B. Skeletal and muscular systems work together to provide movement, protection, support, and generation of heatC. Nervous: regulates many different functions in the body such as movement and sensationD. Endocrine: regulates processes such as growth and metabolismE. Cardio: helps transport nutrients and wastes, also functions in immunityF. Lymphatic: circulatory functions, absorbs fat, and immune responseG. Respiratory: allows for gas exchange especially carbon dioxide and oxygenH. Digestive: absorption and the mechanical and chemical break down of food/nutrientsI. Urinary: removes waste and helps regulate the pH and balance of waterJ. Reproductive: produces cells and hormones necessary for sexual activity and reproductionVII. Homeostasis: maintains consistency in the body’s environment no matter what the environment isA. Some examples include1. pH≈7.42. Heart rate≈753. Body temp≈3 C77B. Negative feedback mechanisms maintain it by resisting variables that deviate our body from its normal set point to bring us back to normalC. The control center releases signals along the efferent pathway to effectorsD. Signals from receptors travel towards the brain along the afferent
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