NUR 0012 Lecture 17 Continuation of Skeletal Anatomy and JointsOutline of Last LectureOutline of Current Lecture I. Ch.7 Skeletal Anatomy cont.A. Normal curvatures of the spineB. Abnormal curvatures of the spineC. General vertebraeD. Thoracic cageE. Appendicular skeletonII. Ch. 8 jointsA. Joints named for 2 bones they connectB. Joint classification: structural and functional Current LectureI. Ch. 7 continuedA. Normal curvatures of the spine (vertebral column)1. Cervical2. Thoracic3. LumbarB. Abnormal curvatures of the spine4. Scoliosis: spine deviates laterally in any of the regions5. Kyphosis: hunchback, excessive curvature in thoracic region6. Lordosis: excessive curvature in lumbar or cervical regions, common in final trimester of pregnancy to develop this in lower backC. General vertebraeThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.1. All have same basic patterna. Big body: centrum, spongy bone b. Vertebral arch attached to body by a pediclec. lamina: connects transverse process to spinous process2. C1 and C2: atlas and axisa. C2 has the dense allowing C1 to pivot around itD. Thoracic cage: ribs articulate with different parts of the sternum1. 1st 7 ribs referred to as true/vertebrosternal ribs2. Ribs 8-10 are false/ vertebrochondral ribsa. False since don’t touch sternum directly3. 11 and 12 are false/floating ribsE. Appendicular skeleton: a lot of similarities between upper and lower limb structurally1. Not going through each one individually, must study on own time2. Comparison of male and female pelves a. Iliac fossa more straight up and down in maleb. Womens pubic arch angle wider, males more of an acute anglec. Pelvic inlet: entrance to true pelvis d. Changes not always apparent: gender differences become apparent after pubertyII. Ch. 8 JointsA. Most joints named for the 2 bones they connect1. Occipital bone + atlas: Atlanto-occipital joint2. Radius + ulna: radioulnar joint3. Glenoid fossa + humerus: glenohumeral joint4. Talus + lower leg: talocrural joint (ankle)5. Radius + carpals: radiocarpal jointB. Joint classification1. Functional ability: how movable they are, arthro a. Synarthrosis: tightly joined, little to no movementb. Amphiarthrosis: slightly movable, rib cage not spongy but can still move itslightlyc. Diarthrosis: freely movable joints2. Structurally: what’s in between the bones, tissuesa. Fibrous joints: most don’t have much movement1) Sutures connected by tough ligamentsa) Found only in skullb) Edges held together by bundles of fibrous connective tissue (condensed periosteum)c) Immobiled) Synostosis: premature fusion of sutures Partial synostosis: crooked forehead Sagittal Lambdoidal Deformational posterior plageocephaly e) Sutures remain patent throughout most of adult life: start to ossifyin 60s and 70s b. Cartilaginous joints: joined together by pads or chunks of cartilagec. Synovial joints: elbow, hip, knee, freely
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