BIOL 3322 1st Edition Lecture 13I. function anatomy of vision II. structure of the retinaA. bounce off the back of the retina B. activated by light rods and cones C. info is then transmitted through the optic nerve D. passes through then processes inside outwardlyIII. Rods & Cones A. horizontal communication B. don't need a 1 to 1 relationship C. rods more numerous than cones, dim lighting, night vision D. Cones bright light, color vision, fine details E. distribution of rods vs cones in the retina; overall many more rods than cones F. fovea has an increase of # of cones close to it; in the pit of the fovea there are only cones G. blank spot is blind spot H. ganglion cells - bipolar cell - rod or cone (outside of fovea not one to one relationship inside fovea have there own) I. ganglion cells bundle to form the optic nerveIV. cone pigments A. 3 types of cone pigments B. blue green red V. retinal neuron types A. 2 types of ganglion cells B. magnocellular cell (m-cell) C. parvocellular cell (p- cell) D. m and p cells are predestine These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.E. geniculostriate system - lateral geniculate nucleus - striate cortex - other visual cortical areasi. * most important to know ii. optic chiasm where nerves cross over iii. seen on the right of the eye goes to the left side of the brain to process and vise versa(done on both eyes so neither side of the brain gets the full picture)iv. lateral geniculate cortex is after the optic chaism F. dorsal & ventral visual steams of the geniculostriate i. occipital cortex ii. primary visual cortex (V1)iii. extrastriate cortex (secondary visual)iv. cortical column * input into V1 is organized into columns G. tectopulvinar system - superior colluculus - pulvinar - other visual cortical H. In the visual cortex there are color sensitive neurons i. heterogeneous layering ii. blobs (v1)iii. interblob (v1) - form and motion iv.cells in blob region are important for perception of color v. put it all together striate cortex (region V1) occipital lobe vi. from occipital lobe goes to dorsal stream to the parietal lobe ()and ventral stream to the temporal lobe (pattern recognition) vii. segregation of info about movement color and form maintained at v1 and v2 a. thick stripes (v2)b. thin stripes (v2)c. pale zones (v2)VI. visual world - location A. location in the LGN and the cortical region V1 VII. receptive field hierarchyA. receptive field at ganglia bipolar and rods/cones - more and more LGN as the visual gets closer to the rods/conesVIII. processing in the retinal ganglion cells A. retinal ganglion cells B. on center cells - light on, processed C. off center cells - light on, inhibited IX. seeing shape A. process shape in V1 B. cells behave like orientation detectors C. simple cells (light reception has to be in particular field and angle to hit and produce a strong stimulus) D. complex cells or hypercomplex cells X. V1 Receptivity A. stimulation of subset of on center ganglion cells excites a vi neuron through connection sin the LGNXI. seeing color A. trichromatic theory B. 3 primary colors (red,blue, green) C. color we see is determined by the relative repossess of the different cone types D. limitation is yellow (4 basic colors are red green yellow and blue) E. opponent process theory ewald hering (1874) i. explanation of color vision that emphasizes the importance of the opposition of colors (red vs green and blue verses yellow) F. color may be processed other than the retina end of vision chapterwhat we need to know for the exam -sensory receptors - stimulus - sensory receptor cell - sensory neuron - sensation and perception-structures of the eye (convergence, divergence)-layers of the retina (what and why they do)-rods and cones (what they do and why)-ganlion cell - bipolar cell - rod or cone -low verse high convergence-structure of retina -2 basic visual pathways -geniculostriate pathway **** -dorsal and ventral visual streams - remains organized by a retinal map (?)-blob and inner blob-ventral and dorsal streams -doesn't test on shape-seeing color 2 or 3 theories of color vision -know definitions and