BIOL 3322 1st Edition Lecture 2Current Lecture I. Functional organization of NSa. CNS – brain & spinal cordb. PNS – somatic & autonomic i. Somatic – cranial & spinal nervesii. Autonomic – sympathetic & parasympathetic c. Sensory – incoming d. Motor – outgoing II. Neuroplasticity – brain is plastic; has the ability to adaptIII. Directional Viewsa. Dorsalb. Medialc. Laterald. Anteriore. Posteriorf. Ventralg. Superior – relation to another part (top)h. Inferior – relation to another part (bottom)i. Coronal plane – separates front from back j. Horizontal plane – separates bottom from top k. Vertical plane – separates 1 side from the otherIV. Overview of brain function & structure V. Meningesa. 3 layers of protective tissue that surround brain & spinal cordb. Dura mater – tough & thick layer that surrounds brainc. Arachnoid – web like between dura & pia matterd. Pia matter – protects brain thin layer & folds of brain VI. Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) a. Fills protects cushions & nourishes brain b. Meningitis VII. 4 ventricles a. Third b. Forthc. Right ventricle d. Left ventricle e. Cerebral aqueductThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.VIII. White matter – axonsIX. Gray metter – cell bodiesX. Corpus callosumXI. Brains internal featuresa. Microscopic inspection – cells & fibersb. 2 main types of cells – neurons & glial cellsXII. Nucleus XIII. NervesXIV. Tract – inside neural system XV. Evolutionary History a. Developmental & own personal are integratedb. Various anatomical & functional levels of NSXVI. 3 major components a. Spinal cord i. Controls most body movements & can act independently of the brain as a spinal reflexii. Spinal reflex – autonomic movement brain cannot inhibitb. Brain stem i. Begins where SC enters skullii. Produces movement & creates sensory worldiii. 3 major regions – 1. Hind brain – a. Evolutionary oldest part of the brain b. Contains cerebellum, reticular formation, pons (sexual)& medulla (motor functions, subconsciously) 2. Mid brain –a. Tectum – visual & auditory orient towards range sound floorof midbrainb. Superior colliculs – visual & inferior collictus auditoryc. Tegmentum – fine motor movementsd. Dopamine - readiness movement 3. Diencephalon – a. Hypothalamus – small at base of brain, conveys messages topituitary gland, eating drinking sexual behavior & ectb. Thalamus – channels sensory info, primary role in processing sensory info c. Forebrain – i. Neocortexii. Basal ganglia 1. Voluntary movement/coordination & movement patterns2. 3 structures a. Caudate nucleus b. Putamen c. Globus pallidusiii. Limibic 1. Emotions & memory behaviors in rewarding, satisfying behavior 2. Emotional sexual memory3. Special navigation4. Amygdala (emotional)5. Hippoa campous (long term