BIOL 3322 1nd Edition Lecture 20Lecture 11/11encoding memories a.implicit tasks - person has a passive rollb.explicit tasks - person has an active roll II.priming - stimulus to sensitize the NS to a later presentation of the same or similar stimulus - measure implicit memory III.storing memory a.info from each sensory modality is processed and stored in different neural areas IV.impaired implicit w/ intact explicit memory a.patient JK developed Parkinson's disease in his mid 70s and started to have memory problems at 78 b.damage to basal gangliac.impaired ability to preform tasks that he had done all of his life d.could still recall explicit events V.hippocampus and spatial memory a.visuospatial memory b.using visual info to identify an objects location in spacec.monkeys with hippocamal lesions have difficulties with visuospatial learning VI.frontal lobe and STM a.all sensory systems project to the frontal lobes VII.patterns of amnesia a.retrograde amnesia - unable to remember events that took place before the onset of amnesia b.anterograde amnesia - inability to remember events subsequent to a disturbance of the brain VIII.reciprocal connections for explicit memory a.neocortex projects to the entorhinal cortex b.then projects back to the neocortexIX.neural circuit of explicit memories These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.a.proposed neural circuit for explicit memory b.temporal lobe structuresc.frontal lobe structuresd.medial thalamuse.basal forebrain activating systemsX.consolidation of explicit memories a.hippocampus consolidates new memories b.reconsolidating - process of restabilizing a memory trace after the memory is revisited XI.mishkin and colleagues (1997)a.proposed circuit for implicit memory b.basal ganglia c.ventral thalamus d.substantia nigrae.premotor cortex XII.emotional memory a.memory from affective properties of stimuli or events b.could be implicit or explicit c.amygdala is critical for emotional memory XIII.proposed circuit for emotional memory a.amygdalab.medial temporal cortexc.brainstem d.hypothalamus e.periaquductal gray matter (PAG)f.basal ganglia XIV.structural basis of brain plasticity a.at the neural level memory is associated with changes that take place at the synapse b.studies how the physiology relates to learning often focus on invertebrates and try to generalize to vertebrates c.aplysia is a slug invertebrate that is often studied due to its large neurons XV.Long term potentiation (LPT)a.associative learning b.changed amplitude of an excitatory postsynaptic potential that lasts for hours to days or longerc.occurs when one or more axons bombard a dendrite with stimulation XVI.Long term depression (LTD)a.another term for synaptic plasticity b.neuron becomes less active in response to repeated stimulation c.involves NMDA receptors d.requires Ca to enter e.prolonged or decrease in response at a synapse that occurs when axons have been active at a low frequency XVII.neural processes underlie the persistent long term changes of learning a.Ca enters postsynaptic neuron and activates a second messenger b.cAMP alters gene expression in nucleus which physically alters synapse c.formation or loss of synapseXVIII.creating novel circuits a.predominant view prior to the mid 1990s b.there is now evidence that neurogenesis does occur in the mammalian brain c.olfactory bulb hippocampal formation and possibly the neocortex d.reason for neurogenesis is still unclearXIX.learning effects on hippocampal volume a.the capacity of memory improvement and correlated structural changes in the hippocampus extends well into adulthood I.encoding memories a.implicit tasks - person has a passive rollb.explicit tasks - person has an active roll II.priming - stimulus to sensitize the NS to a later presentation of the same or similar stimulus - measure implicit memory III.storing memory a.info from each sensory modality is processed and stored in different neural areasIV.impaired implicit w/ intact explicit memory a.patient JK developed Parkinson's disease in his mid 70s and started to have memory problems at 78 b.damage to basal gangliac.impaired ability to preform tasks that he had done all of his life d.could still recall explicit eventsV.hippocampus and spatial memory a.visuospatial memory b.using visual info to identify an objects location in spacec.monkeys with hippocamal lesions have difficulties with visuospatial learning VI.frontal lobe and STM a.all sensory systems project to the frontal lobes VII.patterns of amnesia a.retrograde amnesia - unable to remember events that took place before the onsetof amnesia b.anterograde amnesia - inability to remember events subsequent to a disturbance of the brain VIII.reciprocal connections for explicit memory a.neocortex projects to the entorhinal cortex b.then projects back to the neocortexIX.neural circuit of explicit memories a.proposed neural circuit for explicit memory b.temporal lobe structuresc.frontal lobe structuresd.medial thalamuse.basal forebrain activating systemsX.consolidation of explicit memories a.hippocampus consolidates new memories b.reconsolidating - process of restabilizing a memory trace after the memory is revisited XI.mishkin and colleagues (1997)a.proposed circuit for implicit memory b.basal ganglia c.ventral thalamus d.substantia nigrae.premotor cortex XII.emotional memory a.memory from affective properties of stimuli or events b.could be implicit or explicit c.amygdala is critical for emotional memoryXIII.proposed circuit for emotional memory a.amygdalab.medial temporal cortexc.brainstem d.hypothalamus e.periaquductal gray matter (PAG)f.basal ganglia XIV.structural basis of brain plasticity a.at the neural level memory is associated with changes that take place at the synapse b.studies how the physiology relates to learning often focus on invertebrates and try to generalize to vertebrates c.aplysia is a slug invertebrate that is often studied due to its large neurons XV.Long term potentiation (LPT)a.associative learning b.changed amplitude of an excitatory postsynaptic potential that lasts for hours to days or longerc.occurs when one or more axons bombard a dendrite with stimulation XVI.Long term depression (LTD)a.another term for synaptic plasticity b.neuron becomes less active in response to repeated stimulation c.involves NMDA receptors d.requires Ca to enter