BIOL 3322 1nd Edition Lecture 3 a. Cortexi. Cortical layers cytoarchitectonic mapii. 6 layers of cells (gray matter)iii. Memory cortexiv. Precentralv. Integrative – sensory output to other parts of the brain (efferent)vi. Sensory cortexvii. Post central cortexII. Somatic NSa. Monitored & controlled by the CNSb. Cranial nerves by the braini. Olfactory – smellii. Optic – visioniii. Oculomotor – eye movement iv. Trochlear – eye movementv. Trigeminal – masticatory movements & facial sensationvi. Abducens – eye movement vii. Facial – facial movement & sensationviii. Auditory vestibular – hearing & balanceix. Glossopharyngeal – tongue & pharynx movement & sensationx. Vagus – heart, blood vessels, viscera, movement of larynx & pharynxxi. Spinal accessory – neck musclesxii. Hypoglossal – tongue musclesc. Spinal nerves by the spinal cord segmentsi. Dermatome – area of the skin supplied with afferent nerve fibers by a single spinal cord dorsal rootii. Cervical nervesiii. Thoracic nervesiv. Lumbar nervesv. Sacral nervesd. Connections of the somatic NSi. Sensory neuron – fibers entering the dorsal root being sensory info from sensory receptorsii. Motor neuron – fibers leaving the ventral root carry motor info to the musclesiii. (inside gray matter) collateral branches of sensory neurons may cross to the other side & influence motor neurons thereiv. White matter fiber tracts carry info to & from the brainIII. Autonomic NS These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.a. Sympathetic – fight or flightb. Parasympathetic – rest & digestIV. Ten principlesa. 1 – NS produces movement w/in a perceptual world the brain createsb. 2- details of NS functioning are constantly changing an attribute call beuroplasticityc. 3 – terms of the brain are organized into multiple parallel pathwaysd. 4 – the CNS functions on multiple levelse. 5- brain is both symmetrical & asymmetricalf. 6 – brain systems are organized both hierarchically & in parallel subsystems of the brain are organized into multiple parallel pathways. Yet out conscious experiences are always unified g. 7 – sensory & motor divisions exist throughout NSh. 8 – sensory input to the brain is divided for objects recognition & motor controli. Dorsal stream – actionii. Ventral stream – recognitioni. 9 – functions in the brain are both localized & distributedj. 10 – NS works by juxtaposing excitation & inhibitionV. Units of the NS functiona. Cells of the NS b. Internal structure of a cellc. Genes, cells & behaviorVI. Human NS is comprised of 2 kinds of cells a. Neurons b. GliaVII. Neurons (what are they? Early 1990’s debate)a. Golgi b. cajalVIII. 3 basic subdivisions of the neurona. Dendrites b. Cell body or somac. AxonIX. Basis of into processing a. Dendritic spines – info from other neurons is collected at dendritesb. Axon hillockc. Axon collateralsd. Teleodendria e. Terminal button – then to the terminal where it passed onto its targetf. SunapseX. Information flow – dendrite to cell body to axon to end footXI. Different types of neurona. Sensory neurons bring info to the CNSb. Interneurons – associate sensory & motor activity in the CNS c. Motor neurons – send signals from the brain & spinal cord to musclesXII. 5 types of neurons (glial cells)a. Ependymal cells – hydrocephalusb. Astrocytec. Microglia – phagocytosisd. Oligodendroglia cell – myeline. Schwann cell – multiple
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