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UT Arlington BIOL 3322 - Alcohol Abuse & Addiction
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BIOL 3322 1nd Edition Lecture 9BRAIN BEHAVIOR Alcohol- Blood Alcohol Concentration o .02 minimal effectso .14 major impairment of mental & physical controlo .45 coma & may be lethal- Factors influencing individual responses to drugs o Drugs/alcohol make people do things that they don’t ordinarily doo Disinhibition theory o Alcohol myopia- Addiction o Brain disease expressed as a compulsive behavioro Continued abuse of drugs despite negative consequenceso Chronic potentially relapsing disordero Complex, physical dependence, behavior- Drug abuse & addiction o Most illicit drugs users are between 16-25 yrs old lecture 9/25/14alcohol slides 45- 48drug abuse & addiction - most illicit drug users are btwn 16-25addiction - complex- physical dependance - behaviorfeatures of drug abuse & addiction - substance dependence - more severe corresponds roughly with addiction - substance abuse - may or may not lead to substance dependence DSM 5 replaced... slide 52These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.unresolved question - why some individuals develop a pattern of compulsive drug use wheres many others do not- gateway theory cycles of pathological drug use that can lead to development of addictiontaken larger amount than intended physical or psychological problem bingeing tolerance w/drawlsocial, occupational or recreational activities compromised spiraling distress addiction - thoughts are always there where and how am I going to get it care take on any time frame depending on the individual slide 54reward circuit - all drugs of abuse activate dopamine system - makes seeking & taking drugs seem like a better idea than it actually is sex differences in addiction - females twice as sensitive to drugs on average- females get addicted faster and have a harder time recovering from it wanting & liking theory - incentive sensitization theory - wanting (craving) & liking (pleasure) may be produced by different parts of the brain - wanting - sensitizes with repeated drug use, mesolimbic dopamine system - liking - tolerance develops with repeated drug use, pleasure decreases, opioid neurons - initially want & like are equal over time want goes up while like goes down... b/c of the toleranceneural brain of addiction - decision made in frontal cortex- drug activates opioid systems related to pleasurable experiences- wanting springs form activity in the dopamine system- voluntary control of drug taking gives way to unconscious processes - habit (striatum)why doesn't everyone abuse drugs - genetics - despite some evidence of a genetic contribution no gene or set of genes- my opinion - make up of brain that creates tolerance in an individual take more and a longer period of time for want to increase and like to decrease so that the individual can more easily control taking the drug and less tolerance is built related to alcoholism have been found- any satisfactory explanation of drug abuse will require genetic & learning components - personality traits - usual risk taking may be trait common to drug abusers - related to arousal epigenetic - addictive drugs can influence gene regulation- selectively turn off genes related to voluntary control and turn on genes related to behaviors susceptible to addiction - changes are relatively permanent & can be passed along perhaps through the next few generations treating drug abuse - biopsychosocial model - takes into account multidimensional nature of chronic drug use- psychological influences- social-culture influencesHormones- not in this exam


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