BIOL 1107 1nd Edition Lecture 17 Outline of Last Lecture I Fermentation Process II Why Anaerobic Respiration in Humans III Extra Credit Cyanide vs DNP Outline of Current Lecture I Photosynthesis II Chloroplasts and Chlorophyll III Cyclic vs Noncyclic Electron flow Current Lecture I Photosynthesis Origin of Oxygen Gas oxygen isotopes 16O and 18O Experiment in which O2 comes from water produces 18O2 Photosynthesis two separate processes light dependent reactions light independent Calvin cycle Light dependent reactions first step In this process of photosynthesis the energy from light propels the electrons from a photosystem into a highenergy state In plants there are two photosystems aptly named These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute II Photosystem I and Photosystem II located in the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast The thylakoid membrane absorbs photon energy of different wavelengths of light Goal trap sunlight energy and store it as chemical energy to use in all life functions Light independent reactions occur in stroma Goal to take the recently created NADPH and ATP and store their energy by constructing sugars from CO2 Where does CO2 come from The atmosphere the leaf opens up its stomates and lets CO2 in when this happens H2O is inadvertently released plant must always balance its carbon intake with water loss Conversion of carbon dioxide to sugar energy is stored by converting CO2 into sugars in the Calvin Benson Cycle Chloroplasts Chlorophyll Chlorophyll a green pigment present in all green plants and in cyanobacteria responsible for the absorption of light to provide energy for photosynthesis Green light reflected and all other light absorbed How do they obtain energy Linear electron flow PSII Only energy transfer among pigments only light transfers electrons Water gets split to make up electrons electron come from water Electron transport chain ETC in between PSII and PSI ETC makes ATP where electron carriers come in ATP synthase in thylakoid membrane pumping H high to low Photophosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation are very similar Photophosphorylation synthesis of ATP from ADP and phosphate that occurs in a plant using radiant energy absorbed during photosynthesis ETC location Photophosphorylation Thylakoid membrane Location of ATP synthesis Inputs Outputs Stroma H2O ADP Pi NADP O2 ATP NADPH III Oxidative Phosphorylation Mitochondria inner membrane Mitochondrial matrix Mitochondrial matrix ATP NAD FAD H2O Know every aspect of the photosynthesis process discussed above Will be on test Cyclic Electron Flow Main purpose Make ATP What wouldn t this system make NADPH and oxygen NADPH produced is recycled and the electrons are used to produce more ATP Q How many molecules of ATP were required to make 1 glucose molecule 9 molecules make 3 carbon sugar X 2 18 ATP molecules
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