ANTH 102 1nd Edition Lecture 8 Outline of Last Lecture Social Control and OrderI. Social Controla. Definitionb. Underlying premisesII. Kinds of Social Controla. Two major instruments of controli. Normsii. Lawsb. Infralegalc. ExtralegalIII. Small-Scale SocietiesIV. State Societiesa. There are three key factors in state society social controlV. Social Conflict and Violencea. Interpersonal conflict b. Banditry c. Feuding d. Ethnic/Racial ConflictOutline of Current Lecture GlobalizationI. Modern World Systema. Wallerstein’s World-System Approachb. Three-tiered systemi. Core countriesii. Peripheral countriesiii. Semiperipheral countriesII. Modes of Productiona. Definitionb. Foragingc. Horticultured. Pastoralisme. AgricultureThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.f. IndustrialismIII. Globalizationa. Process of closer interaction of human activity – economic, social, and political – experienced in 3 areas:i. Spatialii. Temporaliii. Cognitiveb. Food for thoughtCurrent LectureGlobalizationIV. Modern World Systema. Wallerstein’s World-System Approachi. How parts of the world relateii. Global trade created a global division of labor where countries compete for a share of the wealthb. Three-tiered systemi. Core countries1. Economically dominant2. Participate in the most profitable activitiesa. High tech services, manufacturing, financial services3. Strongest governments, long histories of democracy4. Play a major role in the affairs of other countriesa. International institutions exert controli. Devalue local currencyii. Reconfigure government to be more politically stable before issuing loansii. Peripheral countries1. Least economically productive2. Produce raw materials, foodstuffs, and labor-intensive goods3. Import high-tech goods and services from other countries4. Usually weak governments under the influence of core country governments and policiesiii. Semiperipheral countries1. In the middle zone2. Industrializing countries (semi-developed)3. Examples: South Africa, BrazilV. Modes of Productiona. A mode of production is the dominant way of providing for a people’s needsi. How people secure or gather foodii. What kinds of jobs people hold1. Division of labor – gender, raceiii. What kinds of property holdingsb. Foragingi. Reliance on nature; hunting, fishing, gatheringii. Oldest economic system (dating 100 thousand years)iii. Labor and property1. Males hunt; females gather2. No concept of individual ownership3. Socially ascribed access to resources4. Access is willingly shared5. Rights are invested in groups not individualsc. Horticulturei. Reliance on domesticated plants/animalsii. Developed 14 thousand years ago in Africa, China, and the Middle Eastiii. Emphasis on food crops but supplemented by foragingiv. Less permanent than agriculturev. Labor & property1. Males clear land; females plant and tend crops2. No concept of private property but land/resource use is more clearly defined3. If you work the land you have a claim on the land (usufruct rights)4. With the production of a surplus, there is a possibility that inequality will arisea. More sedentary populationsd. Pastoralismi. 50%+ of diet comes from domestic herds1. Animal meat and products2. Have trade links with settled groupsii. Practiced in areas of low rainfalliii. Nomadic to find pastureiv. Limited variety: sheep, goats, cattle, horses and camels1. All ungulates, which do well in arid climatesv. Labor & property1. Males herd; females process products2. There is a defined sense of propertya. Animals and housing3. No sense of private rights to land or travel routese. Agriculturei. Domestic animals used for plowing, transport, and fertilizerii. Rely on irrigation and other modifications to maximize production of landiii. Dates back some 12,000 years to Egyptf. Industrialismi. Good/services are produced through mass employment in business and commercial operationsii. Goods to meet consumer demands not basic needsiii. Formal: salaried/wage-based work reflected in official statisticsiv. Informal: outside formal work, not registered, sometimes illegalVI. Globalizationa. Everybody is interconnectedb. Flows in information, goods, services, capital and people across political and economic boundariesc. This is not a new phenomenon; began with European expansionismd. What IS new: the scale and pace of the movemente. Process of closer interaction of human activity – economic, social, and political – experienced in 3 areas:i. Spatial1. The perceptions of physical space have changed2. The world is smaller3. More people travel more often4. In 1950 there were 1.4 million air travelers/year, today there are 1.4 billion/yearii. Temporal1. The perception of time has changed2. Communications revolution: people expect a quick turnaround3. Cell phones = many people are reachable anywhere at any time4. Email = non-reliance on snail mail, answers are expected immediately5. Formerly remote people and places are available onlineiii. Cognitive1. There is a proliferation and accessibility of different values2. Culture transfer occurs through film and mediaa. Hip hop: local takes on the style in other parts of the worldb. Cultural ideals of beauty3. The spread of political and economic ideasa. Democracyb. Neoliberalismf. Food for thought: what are some positives and negatives of