ANTH 102 1nd Edition Lecture 21 Outline of Last Lecture Race: The Power of Illusion videoI. Differences between usII. Understanding of race in the USAIII. Actual dataIV. So what then are actual racial lines?V. Race Division in USAVI. EugenicsVII. Gel electrophoresisOutline of Current Lecture MigrationI. Introductiona. America is a nation of immigrantsb. People migrate for lots of reasonsII. Kinds of Migrationa. Internal migrationi. “Push-Pull” Theoryii. Health implicationsb. International migrationi. United Statesii. Interesting Factsc. Transnational migrationIII. Reasons for Migrationsa. Labor Migrationsb. Displaced personsi. Reasonsii. Refugeesiii. Internally displaced personsc. Institutional migrantsIV. Trends in Migrationa. The “New” Immigrationi. Chain migrationb. GlobalizationThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.c. Accelerationd. Feminizatione. Issues confronting migrantsi. Xenophobiaii. StereotypesV. Facts About MigrantsCurrent LectureMigrationVI. Introductiona. America is a nation of immigrantsi. Ellis Island, European immigrationii. Today think of undocumented Latin immigrantsb. People migrate for lots of reasonsi. Find better opportunitiesii. Political refugees1. Targeted for persecutioniii. Economic refugees1. Targeted for persecutioniv. Elite businesspeople1. Taking jobs overseasVII. Kinds of Migrationa. Internal migrationi. Movement within national and/or regional boundariesii. Historically, ruralurban movementiii. “Push-Pull” Theory1. Reasons to leave, reasons to go to a new placeiv. Health implications1. Rural people go to urban areas and their health profile decreases in quality2. Typically packed together in low-income housing3. Tend to be more stressed outb. International migrationi. Across international boundariesii. Labor migration is the majority of people in this categoryiii. Main reasons for moving are economic and political trends in sending andreceiving countriesiv. Core receiving countries: USA, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Argentinav. United States1. 1815-1860: 5 million immigrants English, Irish, Germanic, Scandinavian, and others from NW Europe2. 1865-1890: 10 million settle in America from NW Europe3. 1890-1914: 15 million from Austro-Hungarian, Turish, Lithuanian, Russian, Jewish, Greek, Italian, Romanian4. 1980s on: new migration flows from Latin America and the Caribbean5. White Immigration: policies practiced in industrialized nations during the early 20th centurya. The white immigrants could contribute moreb. Others considered economic parasitesi. S/Central America migration discouragedc. Policies ended 1960s/70s as labor needs changedi. Looking for cheap sources of laborvi. Interesting Facts1. 2% of global populations live outside of country of origin2. 100 million people both legal and undocumented3. 35 million people from developing world have moved to industrialized nations in the past 3 decadesc. Transnational migrationi. Movement back and forth between home and host countryii. Much of movement is motivated by economic factorsiii. Transnational migrants can form new identities that transcend local geopolitical units1. New Yoricans (Puerto Ricans in NYC)2. Dominican Yols (Dominicans in NYC)a. Somewhat derogatoryb. Considered “watered-down” versions of Dominicansc. Dominican Yols corrupted by NY cultureVIII. Reasons for Migrationsa. Labor Migrationsi. Majority of migrants around the worldii. Usually non-permanent residents who work for a specific period of timeiii. Duration may be short or for many yearsiv. Asian women fastest-growing group in this categoryv. Main sending countries: Phillipines, Indonesia, Sri Lanka, Thailandb. Displaced personsi. People forced to leave homes, communities or countries and live elsewhereii. Reasons1. war, colonialism, natural disasters, persecutioniii. Refugees1. Displaced persons as a result of persecution2. Ethnicity, religion, nationality, genderiv. Internally displaced persons1. Displaced from their communities/homes but remain in the same country, like Katrina evacuees in the USAc. Institutional migrantsi. People who move into new social institutions, voluntarily or involuntaryii. Includes1. Religious personnel, soldiers, the elderly, students, prisonersiii. Health implications1. Could be negative impact on health2. “Freshman 15”IX. Trends in Migrationa. The “New” Immigrationi. Migrant stream since 1960s where in the US, changes in Immigration and Naturalization Act of 1965 made white preferences dropii. Facilitated movement of folks from underdeveloped countries, esp. if theyhad specialized skillsiii. Family reunification provision allowed these immigrants (naturalized citizens and permanent residents) to petition for family members to join them in the USAiv. Chain migration1. One individual from household comes to USA, gains employment, petition for different members of the family to come over in a sortof 1-by-1 process until the whole family is overb. Globalizationi. The scale of migration has increased, leading to great diversity in sending and receiving countriesc. Accelerationi. The pace of migration has increasedd. Feminizationi. The role of women in migration streams is increasing and in some cases women are the majoritye. Issues confronting migrantsi. Xenophobia1. Fear/hatred of strangers, foreign things2. Often result of ignorance and lack of exposure3. Contributes to stereotypes and is shaped by stereotypes of migrants4. “Public perceptions reflect real issues and real problems, but they also reflect ignorance, prejudice and fear” –IOMii. Stereotypes1. Many migrants here illegally2. Migrants are “asylum seekers”3. Migrants, esp. low-skilled, are displacing local workers and abusing social welfare systems4. Migrants from Muslim countries seen as potential security risks and linked to terrorismX. Facts About Migrantsa. Usually take jobs that would otherwise remain unfilledb. Usually contribute more in taxes than they consume in servicesc. 40% of migration takes place BETWEEN developing countriesd. Health of migrants can suffer as a result of the migration experiencei. Latino