ANTH 102 1nd Edition Lecture 7 Outline of Last Lecture Language and WorldviewI. Linguistic Anthropologya. Communicationb. Linguistic Anthropologists work in many areasII. Languagea. Definitionb. SymbolIII. Language and Worldviewa. What makes human communication unique?i. Language ii. Infinite productivity iii. Displacement b. Does the language we speak determine how we see the world?i. Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis ii. Linguistic determinism iii. Sociolinguistics c. Do languages evolve and change? If so, how?i. Pidginsii. Bilingualism / Linguistic Pluralismd. Is it possible to communicate without speaking?i. Paralanguage ii. Kinesics IV. Language Fun FactsOutline of Current Lecture Social Control and OrderI. Social Controla. Definitionb. Underlying premisesII. Kinds of Social Controla. Two major instruments of controli. Normsii. LawsThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.b. Infralegalc. ExtralegalIII. Small-Scale SocietiesIV. State Societiesa. There are three key factors in state society social controlV. Social Conflict and Violencea. Interpersonal conflict b. Banditry c. Feuding d. Ethnic/Racial ConflictCurrent LectureSocial Control and OrderI. Social Controla. Social Control: the process by which social order is maintainedb. But also, it’s a vehicle for domination and hierarchyc. Underlying premises:i. Ensure social conformityii. People break the rulesII. Kinds of Social Controla. There are formal and informal aspects of controlb. Two major instruments of controli. Norms: the taken-for-granted standards of social behavior1. Ex. mediaii. Laws: formal, culture-specific, binding rules defining right and wrongc. Infralegali. Disputes are settled without the intervention of special authorities.ii. Nonviolent, no courtd. Extralegali. Disputes that escalate to violenceii. Feuds1. Longterm retributive violenceiii. WarsIII. Small-Scale Societiesa. Formal laws are uncommon with foraging groupsb. Disputes are at the interpersonal leveli. Nonviolent or one-on-one fightsc. Punishments involve social pressurei. Ridicule/shamingii. This is an effort to restore social equilibrium not hurtfully punish the offenderd. Punishment is sometimes legitimized through belief in supernatural forcesi. Wrongdoers exact the wrath of ancestors, gods, etc1. Illness, death of a relative, bad cropsIV. State Societiesa. Anonymity makes interpersonal control of conflict harderb. There are three key factors in state society social controli. Increased specialization of roles1. Police, judges, lawyersii. Formalized use of trials and courtsiii. Deployment of power – Enforced forms of punishmentV. Social Conflict and Violencea. Interpersonal conflict – ranges from arguments to murder; a part of everyday lifei. Most common form at the university level?1. Acquaintance rape2. 90% of women know their assailantb. Banditry – socially patterned thefi. Practiced by socially marginalized peopleii. Theory is that banditry flourishes in weak statesiii. A form of social protestiv. Links to identity and statusc. Feuding – long term retributive violencei. Ilongot (Philippines) peoples and headhunting1. Losers in the conflict get their heads cut off and preservedd. Ethnic/Racial Conflicti. Reasons1. Gain authority/equitable treatment2. Dominant groups attempt to oppress and subordinateii. The belief is that ethnicity/race/language/religion are the causes of conflict BUT look at other factors, like