ANTH 102 1nd Edition Lecture 18 Outline of Last Lecture Social StratificationI. Social stratificationa. Examplesb. Modes of production II. Facts about social stratificationIII. Status in societya. Ascribed statusi. Examplesb. Achieved statusi. Examplesc. There are impressions associated with socioeconomic statusd. Status groupsi. Perceptions of the wealthyii. Perceptions of the middle classIV. Social Classa. Meritocratic individualismb. Race, ethnicity and castei. Raceii. Racial stratificationiii. Racialized thinkingiv. Race is not a biological construct1. Social raceOutline of Current Lecture RaceI. Folk Taxonomiesa. DefinitionII. Anthropological Classifications of Human VariationIII. Early Attempts at Classificationa. Linneaus (1707-1778) b. Blumenbach (1752-1840) IV. Concept of Human Racesa. Do human “races” really exist?These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.V. Race and Social IssuesVI. Race and Intelligencea. Case studyi. JapanVII. Concluding remarksCurrent LectureRaceI. Folk Taxonomiesa. Classifications of the world, which often include stereotypes, and reflect specific cultural traditions and differ from society to societyb. Folk taxonomies do not often correspond to biological realityc. When the inaccuracies apply to categorizations of people, they often mirror hatred and mistrustII. Anthropological Classifications of Human Variationa. Folk taxonomies usually based on ethnocentric ideas of inherent difference in phenotype and behavior between groupsb. Scientific classification of human variation should uncover processes used in genotypic and phenotypic variation between culturesIII. Early Attempts at Classificationa. Linneaus (1707-1778) Systema Naturaei. Labeled all humans Homo sapiensii. Divided humans into 4 groups based on their phenotypeb. Blumenbach (1752-1840) – physician and student of human anatomyi. Five racesIV. Concept of Human Racesa. Do human “races” really exist?b. People behave as if they doc. No one debates human variation, but the degreed. Believers define species into finite numbers of groups representing a bounded gene poole. Nonbelievers tend to see variation in terms of distribution and adaptive significance of certain traitsf. Are there packages of genes unique to certain groups?i. Variation in gene frequency follows geographic routesii. Human variation discordant; two groups with similar skin color can vary inother features height, blood type, facial featuresg. No discrete gene package between two so called racesh. Only relative frequencies of different traitsi. A single trait such as skin color is not useful for characterizing human diversityj. Diversity between individuals accounts for 85% of total species variationi. Within races is 8.3%Between races is 6%V. Race and Social Issuesa. Exploration of difference bw human groups is valid scientific pursuitb. However also leads to judgments based on inferiority or superiority of particular populationsc. Not based on empirical dataVI. Race and Intelligencea. Much debate over ethnic affiliation and intelligenceb. Early 20th century focused on ethnic groups such as Poles, Jews, Greeks, Italians immigrating to the USAc. Immigrant populations were extensively tested during WWI and consistently scored 20 points lower than the national average on IQ testsi. Based more on socioeconomic standing than actual intelligenceii. By the 1970s descendants of these groups were scoring at or abve the national averageiii. Early low scores due to:1. Malnutrition2. Language3. Types of questions4. Lack of experience with the testd. Results of IQ tests show that different groups have different average scoresi. But is this environmental or due to differences in innate potential?ii. IQ scores correlate with the pocketbook and style of lifee. IQ tests generally designed for a “white” middle classf. Case studyi. Japan more school, more emphasis on academic successii. Heavier course loads and focus on academicsiii. Great value for academic successVII. Concluding remarksa. Race is a social categoryb. Folk taxonomies frequently linked to ideas of superiorityc. Justify socioeconomic stratification that benefits the ruling classd. Easier to subject a group to harsh and unjust treatment if they’re thought of as inferior and of different ancestrye. Intelligence and race are discussed hand in hand but are not actually traced to a genetic component, but cultural and economic