KIN 300 Exam 1 Study Guide Lectures 1 11 Lecture 1 What is Kinesiology The word comes from the Greek word kinein to move Study of human movement and how the body works Study of human movement as it relates to health and wellness Reduce stress diabetes improves mental abilities Larger heart greater lung capacity increased muscle Addresses physiological mechanical and psychological mechanisms Physical activity body movement Exercise structured plan activity specific goal Involves study of how the body functions with particular emphasis on how the body functions during exercise and physical activity as well as physical education Kinesiology defined The academic discipline which involves the study of physical activity and its impact on health society and quality of life American Kinesiology Association www AmericanKinesiology org Considered an academic discipline in the life sciences Fast twitch power quick but fatigue quickly Slow twitch endurance last longer but not strength What does our department say What does our department offer What is pedagogy The science of teaching in our department we offer Sport Pedagogy which is the science of teaching physical education sport in schools Applications of Degree in Kinesiology Applications of a degree in kinesiology to human health include Physical Education Teacher Exercise Scientist Practitioner Researcher Orthopedic Sports Medicine Professional Physician Physician Assistant Surgeon Rehabilitation professional Physical therapist Occupational therapist Chiropractor Strength and Conditioning Coach Adapted Sports Coach Athletic Trainer Sport Psychologist Sport Sociologist Biomechanist Sport Management Specialist Health Promotion Specialist Health and Safety Consultant Ergonomic Designer Who might you work with your degree in Kinesiology Healthy individuals Athletes Either of the above rehabilitation from injuries Special populations Children Elderly Individuals with disabilities or disease Applications of Degree in Kinesiology Overarching goal of all of these professions is to support physically active lifestyles reduce disease specifically obesity Specifically reduce the obesity epidemic Battling the obesity epidemic In 2001 obesity was declared to be an epidemic by the surgeon general of the United States USDHHS 2001 More overweight Americans than non overweight Americans In 2010 it was reported that More than 2 3rds of all US adults 1 3rd of all US children are overweight Nearly 30 of adults and 16 of children are obese Approximately 80 of overweight adolescents will become overweight adults Herman Craig et al 2009 It has been estimated that by 2020 72 of US population will be overweight What is Overweight Obesity When the accumulation of fat stored in the body is in excess Essential fat Overweight Weight in excess of the average for a given height based on heightweight tables In adults defined as a BMI of 25 29 9 kg m2 Obese Excessive accumulation of body fat for a given height based on heightweight tables In adults defined as a BMI 30 kg m2 or greater Problem with BMI height and weight only not a body composition measure doesn t take into account muscle mass What is BMI Classification system based on relationship between BMI mortality chronic disease Good for large groups of people rather than individual testings Developed to measure your risk of disease associated with height weight Not health status Body mass index Weight kg height meters 2 Values Age sex independent Skin fold different areas of measurements for women and men Interpreting BMI What kind of problems does obesity overweight cause Severe health problems include Heart Disease Stroke Hypertension high blood pressure High Cholesterol Diabetes type II Cancer Osteoarthritis Respiratory problems Sleep Apnea Reproductive complications Psychological Social issues What kind of problems does obesity overweight cause Heart Disease Leading cause of death among American men women Hypertension Approximately 30 of American adults over 2 million children suffer from hypertension Obese adults are 6xs more likely to develop high blood pressure What kind of problems does obesity overweight cause Cancer American Cancer Society estimates that 1 3rd of the over 500 000 cancer deaths are related to overweight obesity What kind of problems does obesity overweight cause Type II Diabetes Rates have doubled in past decade for adults Rates increased almost 10 fold for children adolescents Both follow increasing incidences of overweight obese What kind of problems does obesity overweight cause Indirect Costs Overweight obese children miss more school learning due to comorbid medical issues Parents then miss workdays Insurance claims Medical spending for obese persons is 42 higher than normal weight person What causes overweight obese An imbalance between energy consumed energy expended due to Healthy balance in and out Metabolic rate Unhealthy Dietary Habits Calories consumed Energy IN Physical Inactivity Sedentary Behavior Calories expended Energy OUT Largest portion of energy out is metabolism 1 contributor Can t do much to change it but can exercise to build muscle Small portion is activity level Approximately 300 000 adult deaths year attributable to these lifestyle factors What causes overweight obese An imbalance between energy consumed energy expended Energy Balance Equations E in E out neutral ie maintain weight E in E out positive ie gain weight E in E out negative ie lose weight What causes overweight obese Unhealthy Dietary Habits Energy IN Average caloric consumption is 300 kcals greater per day than necessary Reasons caloric consumption has increased include Dining outside of home US kids eat 5Xs more fast food today than in 1980s Eating larger portions Consuming energy dense foods high in sugar fats oils Consuming sweetened soft drinks energy drinks sports drinks Using inexpensive sweeteners and oils for improved flavor Eating more throughout the day Snackers consume 25 more in a typical day than nonsnackers What causes overweight obese Physical Inactivity Sedentary Behavior Energy OUT Most Americans do not exercise Over 1 3rd of US adult population engages in no leisure time physical activity Only 30 of US adult population are somewhat active Causes of inactivity include Walking less driving more with longer commute times Lack of recreational areas called the Built Environment Fewer opportunities for physical activity in schools Technology reducing need for moving For entertainment