DOC PREVIEW
UA KIN 300 - Sports II
Type Lecture Note
Pages 6

This preview shows page 1-2 out of 6 pages.

Save
View full document
View full document
Premium Document
Do you want full access? Go Premium and unlock all 6 pages.
Access to all documents
Download any document
Ad free experience
View full document
Premium Document
Do you want full access? Go Premium and unlock all 6 pages.
Access to all documents
Download any document
Ad free experience
Premium Document
Do you want full access? Go Premium and unlock all 6 pages.
Access to all documents
Download any document
Ad free experience

Unformatted text preview:

KIN 300 Lecture 10Outline of Last Lecture II. Womena. Women and sportb. Changing rolesIII. AnthropometryIV. DisciplineV. Changing Concepts and Professionsa. Profession Preparation for TeachersVI. Sport in AmericaOutline of Current Lecture VII. Development of SportVIII. Early American BaseballIX. Early American Footballa. Collegeb. ProfessionalCurrent LectureDevelopment of Sport:• Characteristics of modern sport are completely different from the characteristics of pre-modern sport• Characteristics of pre-modern sport include:– No or informal/sporadic organization or governing body– Simple, unwritten rules, based on local customs & varied between locale– Local competition only– No distinction between playing/spectating– No dissemnation of information or statistic/records keptDevelopment of Sport:These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.• Characteristics of modern sport included:– Formal organizations/governing bodies (NCAA, NBA, etc.)– Formal, standardized & written rules; rationally & pragmatically worked out & legitimized by organizational/governing body– National & international competition, in addition to local competitions– Emergence of specialists (professionals) with strict distinctions between playing & spectating– Regular dissemination of information about events to public through newspapers, magazines, journals– Statistics & records recorded (ESPN)Development of Sport:• Development of sport & its distinction from play lead to the development of a scientific field, separate from physical education, devoted to studying the science of exercise– Example  the development of sport essentially lead to the development of exercise physiology as it’s own academic discipline Development of Sport:• Although some have their roots in sports from abroad, sports that were invented in the US, typically during the late 1800’s & early 1900’s include:• Truly American sports because they started in the Americas:– Lacrosse (<1630, Native Americans)– Baseball/Softball (Cartwright, ~1845, NYC)– Football (Camp, ~1875, New Haven CT)– Basketball (Naismth, 1891, Springfield, MA)– Volleyball (Morgan, 1895, Holyoke MA)– Mountain Biking (Californnia) – Pickleball (Bell and Pritchard, 1965, WA state)Early American Baseball:• Evolved from Cricket, an English bat & ball game that Americans refused to play– Social times in America dictated that upper class could & would not play against lower class– Baseball was much easier & faster to play than cricket– Cricket was too hard so Americans created baseball • Known to be played as early as 1734 @ Harvard• In early to mid-1800s (≈1855) captured hearts of American & became hugely popular at all levels– Professional, college, community, high & elementary schoolEarly American Baseball:• Modern game of baseball evolved between 1840 & 1870– Around 1845, Alexander Cartwrigth helped develop rules used today– In 1858, National Association of Base Ball Players formed– In 1901, the American League was bornEarly American Baseball:• With the popularity of baseball & the establishment of professional baseball players, more than any other sport in America, baseball was the sport that made it known that Americans no longer believed engaging in sport was the domain of children• The emergency of baseball as a professional sport legitimized participation in sport in general, at any age• Sport advocates argued that participation in sport:• Had health & recreational benefits• Served as a counterbalance to the evils of the city• Developed character through the exercise of discipline, self-control, & teamwork• Valuable educational tool• Sport, however, still reflected societal trends• Whites played in the Major League & African Americans played in the Negro League• Jackie Robinson joined the Brooklyn Dodgers in 1947, the first black to play in the Major League, breaking the color barrier • Eddie Kelp, a white man, briefly played in the Negro League• Both men were the object of racial taunting• At end of 19th century, African American professional ball players began to slowly integrate baseball, however the societal trends would not change as quicklyEarly American Football:• Extremely violent with no protective equipment • Evolved from rugby & soccer– In early 1800s looked more like soccer then rugby– In 1871, students at Harvard modified rules & permitted picking up ball, making it more like rugby• American’s valued outcome of game more than how game played– Coaches tried to circumvent rules to win gameEarly American College Football:• In 1873: Princeton, Yale, Columbia & Rutgers formed Intercollegiate Association for Football to refine & codify rules of game • 1910: governing agency was renamed the NCAAEarly American College Football:• Walter Camp (Yale 1879)– Considered the “father of American football”– He set the rules for the basis of football (and we still use these today)– Member of every rules convention in college football’s early years– Contribution include:• Replacing rugby’s “scrummage” with line of scrimmage• Using system of downs tied to yards gained as means to retain possessionof ball• Assigning eleven players to team with specific positions• Allowing tackling below waist• Prohibiting use of arms while blocking• In late 19th century, more rules developed regarding blocking, mass plays, scoring, holding, etc.Early American College Football:• First official college football game played in 1896• Bowl games began in 1902 with Rose Bowl • Has evolved into the most popular sport on American college campuses– “King of Intercollegiate Athletics”– Trophies & awards were granted– Coaches, first thought to be “shady,” have become national heroesProfessional Football:• Played as early as 1894• Players were blue-collar workers and former college football players• Struggled to gain legitimacy• 1920: the American Professional Football Association (APFA) was formed– Teams were first of modern professional football• APFA name changes to National Football League (NFL)– Early struggle for respect and popularity– Key players and advertising help build fan base• 1946: Color barrier broken when Kenny Washington and Woody Strode joined the Los Angeles Rams• 1960: American


View Full Document

UA KIN 300 - Sports II

Type: Lecture Note
Pages: 6
Download Sports II
Our administrator received your request to download this document. We will send you the file to your email shortly.
Loading Unlocking...
Login

Join to view Sports II and access 3M+ class-specific study document.

or
We will never post anything without your permission.
Don't have an account?
Sign Up

Join to view Sports II 2 2 and access 3M+ class-specific study document.

or

By creating an account you agree to our Privacy Policy and Terms Of Use

Already a member?