BIOL 1107 1nd Edition Lecture 14 Outline of Last Lecture I Types of Energy II Laws of Thermodynamics III Endergonic vs Exergonic IV Reaction Coupling V Breakdown of Glucose Outline of Current Lecture I Enzyme Regulation II Cellular Respiration CR III Mitochondria v Chloroplasts IV Energy from Food V Electron Carriers VI CR Stage 1 Glycolysis VII CR Stage 2 Pyruvate Acetyl CoA Current Lecture I Enzyme Regulation Inhibitors pH temperature concentration turn on off genes location These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute II Enzyme regulation enzymes can regulate by using product as substrate for next enzyme Cellular Respiration CR III Cellular respiration what cells do to break up sugars into a form that the cell can use as energy This happens in all forms of life Cellular respiration takes in food and uses it to create ATP a chemical which the cell uses for energy Three Four stages discussed in detail later 1 Glycolysis 2 Pyruvate Acetyl coA 3 Citric Acid Cycle Krebs 4 Oxidative Phosphorylation Mitochondria v Chloroplasts Mitochondria Organic molecules ATP Similarities DNA RNA ribosomes Chloroplasts light ATP organic molecules Both animal plant 2 membranes inner and outer IV Q Just plant 3 membranes Energy from Food V Own proteins Divide independently of the cell Ex muscle cells lots of mitochondria Equation above has 686 kcal mol not released all at once If all 686 kcal mol were released all at once spontaneous combustion would result Occurs in steps Electron Carriers NAD and FAD These molecules are related to vitamin B Why use of electron carriers is good NAD can accept a pair of electrons and hydrogen ion to become NADH FAD can accept a pair of electrons and two hydrogen ions to be FADH2 Transfer of energy redox reactions Oxidation electron loss Reduction electron gain How to remember OIL RIG You ll need to know how to determine redox if given an equation A Organic Molecules Oxidation succinate lose 2 H s Reduction fumarate VI CR Stage 1 Glycolysis Cellular location cytosol Products pyruvate NADH ATP O2 required No Whole purpose of glycolysis 6 carbon sugar 3 carbon sugars VII CR Stage 2 Pyruvate Acetyl CoA Cellular location mitochondrial matrix Products Acetyl coA CO2 NaDH O2 required Not directly but it is required See first figure on next page
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