BIOL 1107 1nd Edition Lecture 13 Outline of Last Lecture I Golgi II Pulse Chase Experiment III Eukaryotes vs Prokaryotes IV Advantages of Organelles V Other Components in the Cell VI Viruses Outline of Current Lecture I Types of Energy II Laws of Thermodynamics III Endergonic vs Exergonic IV Reaction Coupling V Breakdown of Glucose Current Lecture I Types of Energy Potential kinetic thermal electro chemical Energy in Biology get from our foods chemical energy electrochemical gradient across membrane Lipids have more stored energy than carbohydrates lipids 9g cal carbs 4g cal These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute II Laws of Thermodynamics 1 conservation of energy energy cannot be created or destroyed can transfer energy between different forms 2 universe entropy always increases entropy amount of disorder Delta G delta H T delta S G Gibbs free energy H enthalpy total energy T temperature S entropy III Endergonic vs Exergonic Reaction Coupling shown below IV Endergonic accompanied by or requiring the absorption of energy the products being of greater free energy than the reactants Exergonic accompanied by release of energy Amino acids proteins endergonic reaction Glucose carbon dioxide water exergonic Ions moving across membrane high to low energy is released exergonic Triglycerides fatty acids exergonic Nucleic acids nucleotides exergonic Breakdown of Glucose exergonic reaction The equation above cellular respiration Activation energy enzymes help lower this Enzymes organic catalysts speed up reaction but do not change one specific enzyme per reaction Cofactors ion zinc etc Coenzymes organic molecules you get from food How do enzymes work Make reaction more favorable by bringing reactants in close enough proximity to interact Also change shape of the reactants to stress bonds which need to be broken in the reaction
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