KIN 300 Lecture 7 Outline of Last Lecture I Renaissance and Reformation a Cultural Changes b Philosophers and Educators i Martin Luther ii John Calvin Outline of Current Lecture II Sport in Colonial America a Native American Sport b Attitudes c New England Puritans i Puritans and Sport ii Sabbath and Sport d Sport in Mid Atlantic e Sport in South f Horse Racing Current Lecture Sport in Colonial America Physical Activities in the Colonies Sports physical activities and dance occupied a prominent role in the lives of most Native Americans when colonists arrived in North America Also for livelihood hunting and gathering Activities were associated with Religious ceremonies Festive celebrations Recreation Native American Sport These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute Most popular Native American sport was lacrosse also called baggataway meaning ball game or the game of ball Often played in honor of their gods Helped train males for war Rules size of playing field equipment and clothing varied widely Native American Sport Females activity was encouraged in the NA community Many including girls and women played shinny a ball and stick game similar to modern field hockey Women also played double ball a game in which a stick was used to propel two balls attached by a string Native American Sport Other sports included archery swimming fishing canoeing and snow snaking which involved sliding a pole a great distance across a frozen path Ritualistic dances and games of chance were also popular Colonial America Attitudes Attitudes toward sport representative of settlers European background Attitudes were strongly influenced by religion New England Puritan Mid Atlantic New York Dutch Quaker Moderate play acceptable South Catholic Baptist and Methodist Against play generally Most friendly toward play New England Puritans and Sport 17th Century Generally cold toward playful activities Laws forbid gambling card playing and mixed dancing Allowed bowling fishing fowling or playing cricket rugby fives game similar to handball and marbles New England Puritans and Sport 17th Century Puritans believed all human beings were born flawed in the eyes of God Goal was to restrain the evil impulses of sinners Play was considered evil Idle hands are the devil s workshop Puritans and Sport The good religious life determined how one should behave Government was formed to insure religious behavior Control of emotions and behaviors was critical Much debate over what was proper behavior Protestant work ethic Hard work a sign that one was destined for heaven To be seen playing was a sign of moral depravity Overcoming desire to play was a sign of morality Puritans and Sport Ban on play was recognized to be impossible Differed from European Puritans What play is acceptable Extremely limited Play that helped maintain civic order Moderate recreation keeps one refreshed Abstention from recreation created disorder in life Fishing hunting and walking acceptable Improved health renewed spirit Sabbath and Sport Maintain the Sabbath Hunting not bad but failed to keep Sabbath Sabbath laws blue laws some in effect even today Alcohol on Sunday Amusements in New England Taverns American version of English pubs German beer halls and European inns Frontier taverns provided amusements lodging Still no drinking on Sunday s holy day Darts and cards were popular games Marksmanship boxing cockfighting and horseracing were popular Social amusements became more acceptable as Puritan influence eroded Sport in the Mid Atlantic Quakers of Pennsylvania and Dutch Calvinists in New York Freedom from many of the religious prohibitions imposed on their northern neighbors More friendly toward playful activities Horse racing popular from the beginning Still religious but not as strict with beliefs Improvement of the breed by importing Gamble on outcome Still all do today Sport in the Mid Atlantic Quakers of Pennsylvania and Dutch Calvinists in New York Golf early croquet tennis cricket shooting matches sleigh rides Skittles in which a ball or flat disk is thrown down an alley at nine skittles or pins Boating fishing hunting horse racing and sleighing Sport in the South Growth of sports in the south No Puritans settled here Catholicism was dominant religion A lot of drinking and a lot of sports Southern gentlemen extremely competitive Most friendly toward playful activities Rugged individualism and competitiveness manifest in wagering on horses Founding Fathers enjoyed horse racing Horse Racing First horse races were a quarter mile long Led to Virginia quarter horse Race tracks in Virginia Maryland South Carolina Wagering often heavy women placed bets Big races followed by social festivities Now the Kentucky Derby is a huge tradition Sport in the South Social class often dictated appropriate sporting behavior Upper class requisite social athletic skills Riding dancing fencing and conversation Slaves participated as jockeys and boxers Some slaves gained freedom by fighting Other Southern Sports Cockfighting bowling and card playing were engaged in at taverns initially exclusively for men Fox hunting and hawking Emerging interest in participation in physical activities for development of personal health and strength