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UA KIN 300 - Exam 1 Study Guide
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KIN 300Exam # 1 Study Guide Lectures: 1 - 11Lecture 1:• What is Kinesiology?– The word comes from the Greek word kinein , to move– Study of human movement and how the body works– Study of human movement as it relates to health and wellness• Reduce stress, diabetes, improves mental abilities• Larger heart, greater lung capacity, increased muscle– Addresses physiological, mechanical, and psychological mechanisms• Physical activity = body movement• Exercise = structured plan activity (specific goal)– Involves study of how the body functions, with particular emphasis on how the body functions during exercise and physical activity as well as physical education• Kinesiology defined– “The academic discipline which involves the study of physical activity and its impact on health, society, and quality of life.”• ─ American Kinesiology Association www.AmericanKinesiology.org– Considered an academic discipline in the life sciences• Fast twitch = power (quick but fatigue quickly)• Slow twitch = endurance (last longer but not strength)• What does our department say?•• What does our department offer?––– What is pedagogy?• The science of teaching…in our department, we offer Sport Pedagogy, which is the science of teaching physical education & sport in schools• Applications of Degree in Kinesiology• Applications of a degree in kinesiology to human health include: – Physical Education Teacher– Exercise Scientist • Practitioner• Researcher– Orthopedic/Sports Medicine Professional • Physician• Physician Assistant• Surgeon – Rehabilitation professional• Physical therapist • Occupational therapist• Chiropractor• Strength and Conditioning Coach• Adapted Sports Coach– Athletic Trainer– Sport Psychologist– Sport Sociologist – Biomechanist– Sport Management Specialist– Health Promotion Specialist – Health and Safety Consultant– Ergonomic Designer • Who might you work with your degree in Kinesiology?– Healthy individuals – Athletes • Either of the above rehabilitation from injuries– Special populations:• Children• Elderly• Individuals with disabilities or disease• Applications of Degree in Kinesiology– *Overarching goal of all of these professions is to support physically active lifestyles & reduce disease (specifically obesity)• Specifically, reduce the obesity epidemic• Battling the obesity epidemic– * In 2001, obesity was declared to be an “epidemic” by the surgeon general of the United States (USDHHS, 2001) • More overweight Americans than non-overweight Americans– In 2010, it was reported that:• More than 2/3rds of all US adults & 1/3rd of all US children are overweight• Nearly 30% of adults and 16% of children are obese – Approximately 80% of overweight adolescents will become overweight adults (Herman, Craig et al., 2009)– It has been estimated that by 2020, 72% of US population will be overweight• What is Overweight/Obesity?– * When the accumulation of fat stored in the body is in excess• Essential fat– Overweight• Weight in excess of the average for a given height, based on height-weight tables• * In adults, defined as a BMI of 25-29.9 kg/m 2– Obese• Excessive accumulation of body fat for a given height, based on height-weight tables• * In adults, defined as a BMI 30 kg/m 2 or greater• Problem with BMI = height and weight only, not a body composition measure (doesn’t take into account muscle mass)• What is BMI?– Classification system based on relationship between BMI, mortality & chronic disease– Good for large groups of people rather than individual testings– Developed to measure your risk of disease associated with height & weight• Not health status– Body mass index• Weight (kg) ÷ [height (meters)]2– Values:• Age & sex-independent• Skin fold (different areas of measurements for women and men)• Interpreting BMI–• What kind of problems does obesity/overweight cause?– Severe health problems include:– Heart Disease– Stroke– Hypertension (high blood pressure) – High Cholesterol– Diabetes (type II)– Cancer– Osteoarthritis– Respiratory problems– Sleep Apnea– Reproductive complications– Psychological & Social issues• What kind of problems does obesity/overweight cause?– Heart Disease• * Leading cause of death among American men & women– Hypertension • Approximately 30% of American adults & over 2 million children suffer from hypertension• * Obese adults are 6xs more likely to develop high blood pressure- What kind of problems does obesity/overweight cause?– Cancer• American Cancer Society estimates that * 1/3 rd of the over 500,000 cancer deaths are related to overweight/obesity- What kind of problems does obesity/overweight cause?– Type II Diabetes• Rates have doubled in past decade for adults• Rates increased almost 10-fold for children & adolescents– Both follow increasing incidences of overweight/obese- What kind of problems does obesity/overweight cause?– Indirect Costs• Overweight & obese children miss more school & learning due to comorbid medical issues• Parents then miss workdays • Insurance claims– Medical spending for obese persons is 42% higher than normal weight person- What causes overweight/obese?– * An imbalance between energy consumed & energy expended, due to:• Healthy balance (in and out)• Metabolic rate• Unhealthy Dietary Habits– Calories consumed– Energy IN• Physical Inactivity/Sedentary Behavior– Calories expended – Energy OUT » Largest portion of energy out is metabolism (#1 contributor)• Can’t do much to change it, but can exercise to build muscle» Small portion is activity level– * Approximately 300,000 adult deaths/year attributable to these lifestyle factors • What causes overweight/obese?– An imbalance between energy consumed & energy expended– Energy Balance Equations:– E in = E out : neutral ie. maintain weight– E in > E out : positive ie. gain weight– E in < E out : negative ie. lose weight• What causes overweight/obese?– Unhealthy Dietary Habits (Energy IN)• Average caloric consumption is 300 kcals greater per day than necessary• Reasons caloric consumption has increased include:– Dining outside of home» US kids eat 5Xs more fast food today than in 1980s– Eating larger portions– Consuming energy dense foods (high in sugar, fats & oils)–


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UA KIN 300 - Exam 1 Study Guide

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