KIN 300 1st Edition Lecture 2 Outline of Last Lecture I History of Exercise Part 1 a Sumer Egypt China and Mesoamerica II Sport and Warfare III Next Lecture will be about Greece Outline of Current Lecture II Greece a Influence b Focus c Athens and Sparta d Greek Women e Olympic Games Current Lecture Greece Influence on physical education First cultures to include physical activity as primary aspect of development were early Greek Roman Empires Greece Influence on physical education Greeks developed much of the Western world s belief about the body and physical education Major focus on physical development and sport Greece Influence on physical education Two opposing ideas of physical education in Greece Naturalistic man s nature is both spiritual and physical Emphasized physical and intellectual education Achieving balance is desired These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute Anti naturalistic man s nature created by mind Mind held in higher esteem than body Physical education not necessary Only spiritual not physical Greece Influence on physical education Both views held the mind in high esteem Differed on importance of the body Naturalistic view far more popular Focus on Physical Development Began to support ideal education as harmony of mind and body The Greek ideal was the excellent scholar athlete soldier Began to include gymnastics ie a wide range of physical fitness activities sports into education Gymnastics included dancing running wrestling throwing etc Not the gymnastics that we think of today Physically capable soldier as well as athletic ability and mental capacity intelligence Focus on Physical Development Why focus on physical education development Stronger military force through physical training Strive for physical prowess or ability Admiration of and strive for perfection of beautiful physical form emulating figures of Greek gods Desire to honor gods with competition Athens and Sparta Views on Physical Education Athens Athenians were educated by their families Physical education also had prominent place Both mind and body education was essential Beliefs were similar to our health clubs and personal trainers today Athens and Sparta Views on Physical Education Sparta Education was domain of the state the State s purpose was to produce soldiers as Sparta was obsessed with the military Physical education was taken very seriously Also mental but still focused on military traditions education for military purposes Educated Spartans were physically fit good soldiers Athletic Participation of Greek Women Spartan women Common belief was that physical fitness and training were for both sexes Participated in gymnastics and rigorous physical fitness and sports programs Spartan women competed in foot races and other sports not common in other cultures Women didn t look like super models it was not idealized muscle and athletic figures were attractive Athenian women did not participate to extent of Spartan women Athletic Participation of Greek Women Some Greek women held own athletic contests to honor wife of Zeus Hera Included foot races Took place after the Olympic Games Olympic were man s competition women were not allowed to participate women had their own competitions Used same stadium judges as Olympic Games Ancient Olympic Games Historical foundations Climate in Greece allowed for physical activity year round Birth of Olympic Games 776 B C in Greece Evolved primarily from PanHellenic Games Held in honor of the Greek god Zeus Purpose of games was three fold honor gods develop athletic abilities encourage competition Ancient Olympic Games First recorded evidence of the Olympic Games 776 B C Olympic Games occurred every fourth year Olympiad Games may have originated in the hundreds of festivals mostly religious held over the years Stadium at Olympia Delphi Athletic contests were a major activity in festivals across Greece A number of stadiums survive Ancient Olympic Games Elaborate statues and other art forms erected Celebrated military triumphs as well as athletic success Greeks believed victory athletics military etc was ordained by the gods Olympia was a sacred location where victory was rewarded Cheating occurred at Olympic Games as well as other athletic festivals in Greek world Financial and material gain by victory in the Games Ancient Olympic Games Only males were permitted to compete and watch Married women were not allowed to attend on pain of death virgins could attend Women who owned a horse and chariot could enter the competition but not watch it Ancient Olympic Games By 472 B C games were five days long Half competitive events half religious events Also had non athletic competition Competitions in arts philosophy poetry music Greeks cherished knowledge as well as physical ability mind and body together was important Spirit of the games originally religious changed Gave way to attitude of celebrity no longer religious undertone involved pay to play City states lured Olympians to their city by wealth and material possessions Ancient Olympic Games Olympic champions became heroic Closest thing to a god as mortal can become prized for beauty and success Given special privileges and could make vast sums of money by continuing to win Received a lifetime pension Greece Influence on physical education Summary Greeks believed in developing the mind and body Influenced much of the Western world s belief about the body and physical education today Olympics still practiced today were pinnacle of this achievement