SPHS-S 110 1nd Edition Lecture 7 Outline of Last Lecture I. Energy II. BreathingIII. Vocal folds, cords, and tractIV. Measuring Speech ProductionV. Source-filter theoryOutline of Current Lecture VI. Process of HearingVII. Outer EarA. AnatomyB. Mode of OperationC. FunctionVIII. Middle EarA. AnatomyB. Mode of OperationC. FunctionIX. Inner EarA. AnatomyB. Mode of OperationC. FunctionD. Vestibular Sensory OrgansE. Auditory Sensory OrgansX. George von B*k*sy XI. Basilar MembraneA. –tonoB. –topicC. High frequencyD. Low frequencyE. Place=frequency XII. Brain is comprised of neuronsXIII. Brain is also comprised of Gila or NeurogliaXIV. Structure of NeuronsA. Cell body- somaB. DendritesThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.C. AxonD. SynapseXV. Synaptic ContactsA. AxodendriticB. AxosomaticC. AxoaxonicXVI. Auditory Nervous SystemA. Auditory NerveB. Auditory nuclei and centers in the brainXVII. Hearing is a Neurobiological processCurrent LectureVI. Process of Hearing- Sound->outer and middle ear (transmission)->cochlea: sensory receptor organ (transduction)->auditory nerve (encoding)->central auditory nervous system (neural processing)->decision operationVII. Outer EarA. Pinna, concha, external auditory canal, external auditory meatus and ear canalB. Air vibrationC. Protection, amplification, localization VIII. Middle EarA. Malleus, incus, and stapes (smallest bones in body)B. Mechanical vibrationC. Impedance matching and pressure equalization IX. Inner EarA. Semicircular canals, vestibule, cochlea, round window, eustachian tubeB. Mechanical, Hydrodynamic, electrochemical C. Filtering, Distribution transduction D. Vestibular Sensory Organs- Utricle - Saccule- 3 semicircular canalsE. Auditory Sensory Organs- Cochlea - In temporal boneX. George von B*k*sy - Won Nobel Prize on Physiology or Medicine in 1961XI. Basilar Membrane A. –tono: refers to tone or frequencyB. –topic: refers to place or locationC. high frequency: maximum deflection near baseD. low frequency: maximum deflection of near apexE. place=frequency: each place along BM is tuned to a specific frequencyXII. Brain is comprised of neurons- From the standpoint of information processing, the most important components of the nervous system are the neurons (or nerve cells)- Neurons come in a wide variety of shapes and sizes depending on their exact location and function, but there are certain features that all neurons share regardless of the details of their structure. XIII. Brain is also comprised of Gila and Neuroglia • No role in information processing • Supporting cells of the nervous system • Make up approximately half the volume of the central nervous system – Brain & spinal cord - Control the supply of chemicals to neurons - Remove dead cells through phagocytocis - Provide immune function • Electrically insulate neurons, speeds conduction of neural impulses down axon XIV. Structure of NeuronsA. Cell body-soma- Soma may be about 5-100 microns in diameter in vertebrates B. Dendrites - Gathers information from other neurons - Sends information to somaC. Axon- One axon, but it may form other branches- Sends information from soma to synapseD. Synapse- Gaps between neurons - Connections between neurons- Information is transmitted from one neuron to anotherXV. Synaptic ContactsA. Axodentritic: axon to dendrite B. Axosomatic: axon to somaC. Axoaxonic: axon to axon hillock or axon to presynaptic terminal XVI. Auditory Nervous SystemA. Auditory Nerve- Peripheral auditory system- Cell bodies form a ganglion- Axons form nerveB. Auditory nuclei and centers in the brain- Cell bodies form a nucleus- Axons form fiber tractsXVII. Hearing is a Neurobiological Process - You hear with your brain, not just your