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IUB SPHS-S 110 - Motor Speech Disorders

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SPHS-S 110 1nd Edition Lecture 19 Outline of Last Lecture I. VoiceII. Components of Voicea. Pitchb. Loudnessc. QualityIII. Three Subsystems of voice production a. Respirationb. Phonationc. ResonanceIV. Histological LayersV. Length of Vocal FoldsVI. What is a voice disorder?VII. Prevalence of voice disordersVIII. Types of Voice disordersa. Abnormality of tissueb. Abnormality of neural innervation c. Abnormality of useIX. Vocal NodulesThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.Outline of Current Lecture I. What is speech? II. Respiratory systemIII. Phonatory system IV. Resonatory systemV. Articulatory systemVI. ArticulationVII. Important structures in speechVIII. Speech motor control IX. What is motor speech disorder?X. How are motor speech disorders classified? XI. Motor speech disorders affect XII. Dysarthria Current LectureI. What is speech?- Oral expression- Produced through a series of a complex, coordinated movements of respiratory, phonatory, resonatory, and articulatory systems- These systems work together to produce decodable soundsII. Respiratory system- Muscles of chest, abs, and organs lungs- Regulates inhalation-exhalation cycle for passive breathing- Serves as power source for producing speechIII. Phonatory system- Regulates production of voice and prosodic, or intonational, aspects of speechIV. Resonatory system- Related to vibration of air flow from pharynx into the oral or nasal cavities V. Articulatory system- Regulates control of articulators within the oral cavities to manipulate the outgoing airflow in different ways, usually at high speedsVI. Articulation- Air passed through adducted vocal folds and causes them to vibrate- Voiced sound is shaped by articulators of vocal tract- Shape of vocal tract caused by articulator movement will yield a speech sound- Speech sound production- Requires lots of muscles to coordinate activity in specific ways to shape vocal tract to create sounds- In speech, this articulation occurs very quicklyVII. Important structures in speech- Teeth (alveolar ridge)- Lips- Tongue (body, root, dorsum/blade, tip)- VelumVIII. Speech Motor Control- Coordinates muscle activity across a wide range of muscle groups to generate fluent speech- Occurs through neural signals from brain- Learned through experience with speech sounds in languageIX. What is motor speech disorder?- Speech disorders associated with damage to control of muscles of speech production - Impacts intelligibility - Impacts speech quality- Impacts communication and engagement X. How are motor speech disorders classified?- May be acquired or developmental- Acquired: result from damage to nervous system- Developmental: result from abnormal developmental of nervous systemor from damage to nervous system in early development XI. Motor speech disorders affect- Motor planning and programming disorders: Caused by inability to group and sequence relevant muscles in order to plan or program a movement; praxia of speech- Motor execution disorders: caused by deficits or inefficiencies in basic physiological or movement characteristics; dysarthriaXII. Dysarthria- Group of neuromuscular disorders that affect speed, range, direction, strength, and timing of motor planning- Respiration, phonation, resonance, and articulation may all be affected- Common to co-occur with other disorders- Not a language disorder- Speech patter depends on location and extent of neural damage and


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IUB SPHS-S 110 - Motor Speech Disorders

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