SPHS-S 110 1nd Edition Lecture 17 Outline of Last Lecture I. 4 dimensions of vowelsII. Speech sampleIII. Speech assessmenta. Independent analysesb. Rational analyses IV. Speech sound disorder characteristics V. How are speech sound disorders treated?VI. 2 approaches for target selectiona. Developmentalb. Complexity Outline of Current Lecture I. Types of fluency disordersII. What is fluent speech? III. What is disfluent speech?IV. Types of disfluenciesa. Other “normal”b. Stuttering-likeV. What is stuttering?These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.VI. How is stuttering identified?VII. Basic Facts of stutteringVIII. Spontaneous recovery and risk factorsIX. Early stutteringX. Intermediate stutteringXI. Advanced stutteringXII. What causes stuttering? XIII. Fluency assessment Current LectureI. Types of fluency disorders a. Developmental stutteringb. Clutteringc. Acquired stuttering (neurogenic and psychogenic)II. What is fluent speech?- Ease of production and flow of information- Maintenance of temporal aspects of speechIII. What is disfluent speech?- Complete opposite of fluent speechIV. Types of disfluencies a. Other “normal”- Multisyllabic word repetition- Phrase repetition - Interjection/filler- Revisions or abandoned utterancesb. Stuttering-like- Part-word repetitions - Single syllable word repetition - Disrhythmic phonations (sound prolongations and blocks)V. What is stuttering? - Speech disorder in which normal flow of speech is disrupted by frequent repetitions or prolongations of speech sounds, syllables, or words by an individuals inability to start a wordVI. How is stuttering identified?- Normal disfluency can be distinguished from stuttering on bases of:1. Frequency and types of disfluencies (core behavior)2. Quality of disfluencies (core behavior)3. Accompanying features (secondary, avoidance, and affective/cognitive behaviors)VII. Basic Facts of stuttering- 1% of school-aged have it- 5% of population have it- 3-4 boys, for 1 girl- 2-4 years of age; 90% have begun by 7 years of ageVIII. Spontaneous recovery and risk factors- Spontaneous recovery at least 50%, but may be as high as 85%- Risk factors include pattern of SLD’s over 12 month period, length of time since onset, gender, age of stuttering onset, reactions to stuttering,and speech and language development IX. Early stuttering- Speech behaviors (onset, severity, patterns of fluency/disfluency)- Secondary behaviors- Emotional behaviorsX. Intermediate Stuttering - Stuttering in preschool children tends to be qualitatively different from that of older children and adultsXI. Advanced Stuttering- Stuttering in school-aged children tends to be qualitatively different from that of adolescents and adultsXII. What causes stuttering- Don’t know what causes it- Multifactorial disorder- Not caused by parents - Not caused by drawing attention to child’s speech disfluency- Not caused by a bad habit- Not cause by psychological traumaXIII. Fluency assessmenta. Assessment goals for young children are to determine:- Presence/absence of stuttering and if present, severity- Likelihood for spontaneous recovery- Goals of therapy, if warrantedb. Assessment goals for older children and adults are to determine:- Significance of problem- What factors might be contributing to their stuttering- Goals of