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IUB SPHS-S 110 - Exam 1 Study Guide

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SPHS-S 110 1nd EditionExam # 1 Study Guide Lectures: 1 - 9Lecture 1 (August 25th)What is communication? Process of sharing information between two or more persons; “Transmission of thought or feelings from the mind of a speaker to the mind of listener” Name the three P’s in communication sciences and disorders and define them. Purposes- to request, reject, comment Players- sender, receiver Processes- formulations, transmission, reception, and comprehension What are modalities? Describes the manner in which information conveyed via communication is transmitted and received; Speech (most common), gestures, pictures, facial expressions, sign language, read/writeGive the four types of feedback. Linguistic feedback, nonlinguistic or extralinguistic feedback, paralinguistic feedbackWhat is language? Cognitive process by which we formulate ideas and thoughts; Socially shared code that uses a conventional system of arbitrary symbols to represent ideas about the world that are meaningful to othersName the two elements of language and define them. Vocab- Words, matching of some type of stimulus to objects, actions, attributes, etc.; Most commonly, stimulus is pattern of sounds; Receptive and expressive vocab Syntax- Rules of the language for combining words into strings (phrases); Rules for modifying words to change meaning (past tense, plural, etc.)What are the four parts of the language processor? Input, word device, sentence device, outputLecture 2 (August 27th)Name and define the elements of language. Semantics: word and sentence meaning, Syntax: word order rules, Morphology: word formation, smallest meaningful units (example: “dogs”=dog+s), Phonology: language specific organization of phonemes, sounds that differentiate meaning and rules for combining phonemes, Pragmatics: use, Prosody/Rhythm: intonation, stress, rateWhat is speech? Neuromuscular process that allows humans to express language as a vocal product, putting sounds together and sending messages, Systems involved: respiration, phonation, articulationWhat are the building blocks for effective speech? Breathstream, voice, fluency, and articulationWhat is hearing? Perception of sound, communication involves specifically the perception of speechName the four sound fundamentals. Creation of sound by source, vibration of air particles, reception by ear, and comprehension by brainLecture 3 (September 3rd)When is a communication disorder present? When a significant difficulty is one or more of theseaspects of communication is presentDefine a communication disorder versus a communication difference. Disorder: significant difficulties in formulation, transmission, reception, and/or comprehension compared to those with same language, dialect and cultural background; Difference: when an individual’s communications pattern differs from those of the person or persons with whom he or she is communicatingWhat is the definition of a disorder in communication? Significant breakdown in linguistic system that has an impact on one or more of the following domains: semantics, syntax, morphology, phonology, and pragmaticsName some disorders of speech. Articulation and phonological disorders, fluency disorders, voice disorders, and motor speech disordersList the three types of hearing loss. Sensorineural hearing loss, conductive hearing loss and auditory processing disorderWhat are the two disorders of feeding and swallowing? Pediatric Problems (preemies) and adultdysphasia (stroke)Lecture 4 (September 8th)Define communicative competence. Knowledge of unspoken rules of language (linguistics) and language use (pragmatics)List and define the two types of language. Receptive language: refers to individual’s comprehension of words and sentences (oral or written). Expressive language: refers to individual’s ability to put thoughts into words and sentencesWhat are the two types of communicative competence and what are their definitions? Linguistic aspect: knowing how to use the grammar and vocabulary of a language. Pragmatic aspect: knowing how to use and respond to language appropriately Name and define the four parts of linguistic aspect. Phonological: knowledge about sound system of a language, ability to recognize whether a word belongs to one’s native language. Grammatical: knowledge about rules for combining words. Lexical: knowledge about meaning of word. Discourse: knowledge about the use of language in conversation and narrativeName and define the four parts of pragmatic aspect. Functional: ability to achieve a variety of communication purposes in a language. Sociolinguistic: ability to interpret the social meaning conveyed by language. Interactional: ability to understand and apply implicit rules for interaction in various communication situations including starting and maintaining conversationand following standards for body language, eye contact, and physical proximity. Cultural: abilityto behave in acceptable ways according to the attitudes, values, and beliefs of a particular cultureWhat is speech register? Variety of speech appropriate to a particular speech situation, The waywe speak changes depending on who we are talking to, and variation in vocabulary, grammar, and intonationLecture 5 (September 10th)Give the definition of Joint Reference and Attention. Two or more individuals focus on some external object or event, 6-12 months of age (“magic triangle”). Requires ability to orient to social partner, coordinate and shift attention between people and object, and share and interpret affect or emotional statesWhat makes up joint attention and language? Critical for learning words, adults provide joint attention cues when speaking, infants make use of clues, Infant vocabulary acquisition increaseswhen parents follow infants focus of attention Define caregiver responsiveness. Language learning is best when adults build on children’s interestWhat is child directed speech? Help infants master language by talking in distinctive style (high pitch), Children pay attention to melodic features of speech, Words and meanings are irrelevant at this stage, and Prepares children for taking part in later language developmentGive some characteristics of child directed speech. Exaggerated pitch (higher than normal), repetition of words, slower (longer pauses), rhythmic, simplified vocab, short sentences and exaggerated facial expressionsWhat makes up infant speech perception? Babies learn about language long before they


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