SPHS-S 110 1nd Edition Lecture 13 Outline of Last Lecture I. Characteristics of Intellectual Disability (ID)II. What does a language assessment include? III. Communication ModalitiesIV. Why is it important to consider communication modalities of clients?V. Two kinds of approaches for treatment strategies Outline of Current Lecture I. NeuronsII. BrainIII. HemispheresIV. Lobesa. Frontalb. Parietalc. Temporald. Occipital V. Aphasia a. Multimodality Disorderb. Etiologyc. PrevalenceThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.d. Common SymptomsVI. What is a stroke?VII. Typesa. Ischemicb. HemorrhagicVIII. Controllable Risk FactorsIX. Uncontrollable Risk FactorsX. Paraphasias a. Literal/Phonemicb. Verbal/Semanticc. Neologism d. Circumlocution XI. Grammatical ProblemsXII. Comprehension ProblemsXIII. Perseveration Current LectureI. Neurons- Cells of nervous system- Sends signals to other neurons and tissues in the body- Every neuron has an axon and dendrites II. Brain- Made up of neurons and their axons- Neurons themselves lie near the outer edge of brain- Axonal connections make up interior aspects of brainIII. Hemispheres- Right side controls left side of the body (artistic ability, facial recognition, attention, etc)- Left side controls the right side of the body (language, math, etc)IV. Lobesa. Frontal- All cognitive domains- Motor behaviors- Languageb. Parietal- Sensorimotor, vibration, touch- Language, reading, writing- Memory and attentionc. Temporal- Language and hearing- Memory and executive functioning (EF, problem solving)d. Occipital- Vision V. Aphasia- Problems comprehending and producing language due to acquired brain damagea. Multimodality disorder- Has problems in communication disordersb. Etiology- What causes aphasia (stroke is primary etiology)c. Prevalence- 30%-40% of stroke casesd. Common Symptoms- Hemiplegia/Hemiparesis - Hemianopia/Visual Field Cut- Motor Speech Disorders- Dysphagia/Swallowing Disorders- Depression- Cognitive ImpairmentsVI. What is a stroke?- Blockage of blood supply in brainVII. Typesa. Ischemic: blood clotb. Hemorrhagic: blood vessel in brain and it bursts (worse acutely, better prognosis)VIII. Controllable Risk Factors- High blood pressure, smoking, diabetes, diet and exercise, alcohol, obesity, cardiovascularIX. Uncontrollable Risk Factors- Age, geneticsX. Paraphasias- Word retrieval errors in verbal and written outputa. Literal/Phonemic: skoonspoonb. Verbal/Semantic: carspoon; forkspoonc. Neologism: clumpterspoond. Circumlocution: a thing that you eat withspoonXI. Grammatical Problems- Agrammatism: output is simplified, nouns and verbs, problems understanding XII. Comprehension Problems- Word- Sentence- DiscourseXIII. Perservationa. See persistent behavior beyond than when it should persist, person getting stuck on a word (cat, dog, cat, cat,