9 18 13 Kin 110 lecture notes Starch digested by amylase to glucose simple sugars o Salivary amylase broken down in the stomach o The one in the pancreas and saliva are identical twins Protein digested to amino acids o Use series of enzymes pepsin etc Lipases break bonds in triglycerides to o triglyceride and fatty acids o triglyceride storage form of fat 3 fatty acids attached to a glycerol Point of absorbtion o Passage of nutrients OUT of the GI system and into o Nutrients simple sugars o Nutrients in blood stream go into body cells Small intestine o First 18 in duodenum Where most digestion is taking place o Next 4 5 ft jejunum Absorption takes place To enhance absorption maximum surface area Inside surface of the jejunum modified 3 ways to maximize surface area o 1 Folds looks like rolling hills o 2 Villi absorb nutrients from the jejunum increase absorption area by 10x o 3 Microvilli projections that increase surface area by 20x hedgehog spikes fold villi and microvilli increase absorption area by 3x10x20 600 times o 250 square meters of absorptive area of jejunum o area for reference tennis court transport proteins on membrane of small intestine absorb nutrients o simple sugars from starch o amino acids from protein o fatty acids from triglycerides o all absorbed by transport proteins nutrients from diet absorbed by intestinal cells o transported out o leaving intestine different paths for water soluble vs fat soluble nutrients summary so far o digestion occurs in the mouth stomach duodenum o starch CHO triglycerides fat and PRO digested to simple sugars fatty acids and glycerol and amino acids o products absorbed by villi symptoms of stomach acid deficiency o hypochlorhydia o protein digestion is an issue not enough bicarbonate o Related to stomach acid o Released by pancreas o It neutralizes stomach acid o Heart burn similar symptoms except lower down o Acid reflex in small intestine Celiac disease o Gluten protein commonly found in grains rye wheat barley o Grains without gluten wild rice corn quinoa oats o Dietary change can improve symptoms Sugars and amino acids o Intestines then Go to portal vein o The portal vein goes to the liver o Then o Sugar and amino acids then go to the rest of the blood stream o heart o rest of the body o in the liver does things with aminos simple sugars makes modifications pulls things out edits the nutrients before circulation critical in many situations fat soluble molecules like fatty acids cholesterol packaged into chylomicrons too big for capillaries o Go to lymph and move o Slowly to the heart rest of body o Do not pass through the liver first Alcohol very toxic to all body cells but especially nerve cells brain o Liver metabolizes most before it causes trouble o Excess alcohol use short term 1 time brain o Long term years Liver is affected o You adapt to consuming alcohol Drinking too much alcohol causes fatty liver disease cirrosaus
View Full Document
Unlocking...