9.6.13 Kin 110 lecture notes- Answer lecture questions!- YOU ARE WHAT YOU EATo Is that true?- Basics of energy metabolismo Metabolism = sum of all life processeso Catabolism = breaking down molecules/polymers (energy production)o anabolism = building up of muscles/polymers from smaller units (energy storage) anabolic steroids make you huge!- Movement of energy between systems and conversion of energy from one form to another is the basis for lifeo If you want to define life (philosophical question) – energy moving between systems = alive, no energy = not alive- 1st law of thermodynamics:o energy cannot… be created or destroyedo But; it can be converted to different formso E.g.= for example, i.e. = that is…o Example: the conversion of thermonuclear energy to chemical bond energy- The Sun plantso sun Hydrogen Helium No carb, no protein, no fat, no vitamins, no minerals, no watero All of the energy from the sun that are in green plants are in different formso Plants Some fat Lots of carbs Some protein/fat Lots of water- Plants animalso Plants Carbs, little fat, little proteinso Animals Protein Less water Much more fat Carbs – very little- Plants & animals humanso Lots of overlap with animals & humanso Little overlap with plants & humanso Humans Similar to composition to cow Carbs- You are approximately what you eat if you eat nothing but meato Unless you are a vegetarian, then you Aren’to Body composition isn’t related to what you eato Vegans would look much differento Key points All energy for survival, growth, physical activity is coming from chemical bond energy that is stored. A lot of traditional wisdom is actually not true!- Measure chemical bond energy?o Energy in foodo Calorimetry Measuring calories Done in bomb calorimeter Combusts the item, energy released as heat, raises surroundingwater, measure temp. change, calculate how much heat is released Where info comes from on nutrition labels- Kilocalories = (capital C) Calorieso Why does this matter?o Need to use the correct unitso 80 calories of body heat is required to melt snow – not 80 kilocalories- useful factso 1. Molecules that actually contain useful chemical bond energy (Calories) are fats, carbohydrates, ethanol, and protein. Nothing else contains calories… water, pencil erasers, etc. can’t be used by body Can be used for physical activity, growth, repairo 2. People contain 50,000 – 350,000 kcals depending on body fat to a great extento 3. Average person is producing 1 kcal of energy in the form of heat perminute. = to about a 100 watt lightbulb explains why when you come into class the room is cooler than when you leave- relationship between energy in take ( food & beverages) and energy output / expenditure ( useful energy + heat)is called energy balance.o Food on one side, expenditure on the othero Relationship determines your weight- Energy in = energy out no change in weighto Many ways to be in energy balanceo Output high, input high Like the bird High body temperatureo Low output, low intake Gilla monster Doesn’t change weight Someone extracted one of the proteins from their venom – used in type II diabetic treatment- “Better” to maintain energy balance by matching low intake with low output or high intake with high output?o Doesn’t matter in terms of body weight…o What does better mean? Depends…o What are you trying to accomplish? o If you don’t know what you are trying to accomplish then it depends- What do we mean by human performance?o Athletic performance One event, one season, whole career…o Goal: best possible performance- Health (Wellness?)o Lifespano Vitality& healtho Not getting
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