10.16.13 kin 110 class notes- What do these photos have in common?o What it feels like when you run out of CHOo Cant take another step- What determines the ratio of CHO to fat used during exerciseo 1. Intensityo 2. Durationo 3. Genetics/gendero 4. Environmento 5. Diet and Supplements- % energy from CHO vs increasing intensity of exercise vs % of energy from fato as exercise gets more intense, % of CHO goes upo makes an x on the graph- ^ instead of increasing intensity, change to “increasing duration of exercise”o as exercise gets longer, % energy from fat increases (slightly – never more than 30-35%)- Why does % energy from CHO go down as exercise is longer in duration?o Rate of glycogen use vs. amount of glycogen remaining As rate increases, amount remaining decreases- As exercise progresses, use of glycogen for energy declineso Has an effect on ability to maintain high intensityo When very low, it is difficult to maintain intensity!o How does that make you feel?- Can’t maintain exercise intensity- Trade off between intensity and durationo High intensity (fast, hard) = a lot of glycogen duration is lowo low intensity (slow, easy) = little glycogen use hours- Can you improve ability to conserve glycogen and use other fuels?o Glycogen and use other fuelso (fat, protein)- Inverse relationship between CHO and FAT useo CHO Glycogen glucose pyruvate acetyl CoA Glycolysis Oxidativeo FAT Triglyceride Fatty acid Fatty acetyl CoA Acetyl CoAo Acetyl CoA ATP and carbon dioxide and water- Endurance trainingo Increase ability to oxidize fat as an energy source- Why ? training increases…o Capillaries in the muscleo Mitochondria – a lot more in the cells Use more fat for energy- Gender:o Compared with men, women use more fat as an energy source Men 70% VO2 max, women 70% VO2 maxo WHY? Women have more fat ? – no not the case Has to do with sex hormones- Young healthy women in 3 situationso (Estrogen, progesterone)o Very low estrogen, very low progesteroneo High estrogen (from patches), low progesteroneo Both high- Estrogen was very importanto Shifted toward more fat useo Adding progesterone Reverese that effecto Graph…- Young men: 3 levels of testosteroneo Made no difference on fat/CHO use- Dieto Low CHO does shift to more use of fat during exerciseo Only measurable at low intensityo 60% maximal capacity, no difference- Caffeine increases mobilization o TG FAo More fat use for energy- Caffeine is performance enhancement drug?o Compared to placebo, used less CHO- Caffeine can enhance performance BUTo Caffeine naïveo Need to be “new” to ito Diuretic
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