11.8.13 kin 110 class notes- In many sports, low body fat is essential- Pressures athletes to restrict meals or use other methods to maintain low body fat.o Eating disorders as a “strategy” improve performance Ex. Wrestlers, runners, gymnastso Not just women! There are many men’s sports such as wrestling, ski jumping, etc. that have athletes with eating disorders- Patrick Bergstrom – anorexia nervosao Not typically considered a disease among males/lacrosse athletes- Eating disorder vs. “disordered eating”o Disordered eating: Abnormal eating patterns No real health consequences Quirky things:- Food can’t touch- Color- Eating in alphabetical order- Eating the exact same thing at the same time everydayo Eating disorder: Long term eating patterns that detract from health- Multiple factors (of course) contribute to development of eating disordero Family issueso Mediao Personalityo Geneticso Societal pressure- Anorexia nervosa: unhealthful behaviors used to maintain BW below 85% of normalo 90-95% young girls/womeno 700,000 – 1.4 mil US women (broad range) don’t really knowo 5-20% of people diagnosed will die from complications of anorexiao generally a women’s problem- Characteristics of anorexiao Extremely restrictive eating patternso Intense fear of weighto Unhealthy body imageo Amenorrhea No menstrual periods for > 3 months- Health risko Electrolyte imbalanceo Cardiovascular loss of muscle Very bad May never regrowo Gastrointestinal atrophy (villi) Absorption problemso Bone mineral loss- Bulemia nervosao Binge eating followedo Binge eating: large amount of food in very short period of time Thousands and thousands of calorieso Purging: vomiting, fasting, and laxativeso Hypergymnasia Excessive working out Compulsion People sign up at multiple gyms, go everyday to each one for several hours- 1% to 4% of women have or had bulimiao male-female ratio 1:10o 1% of bulimia patients will die form the disorder generally from electrolyte imbalance- electrolyte imbalanceo vomiting calcium potassium sodium heat rhythmo Gastrointestinal issues Lining of esophagus ulcerso Dental: enamel is worn away (gross) Acid present in vomit Stomach contents: pH of 2- Female athlete triado Especially sports that emphasize low body fat or use subjective scoringo HOT TOPICo Controversy: what is event, does it lead to osteoporosis- Triad:o Three things… disordered eating, menstrual dysfunction, osteoporosiso Most people think it starts with eating, then amenhorrea, then osteoporosiso Difficult to get bone mineral backo How true is this?- Controversy:o Effects on menstrual cycle can be serious; low estrogen bone mineral losso Likely that loss of bone mineral osteoporosis- Why do athletes with triad stop producing estrogen amenhorreao Direct effect of low fat? How to test that?o Low Body fat itself is not the causeo Cutting back exercise will restore menstration- What happened?o When women got enough food to balance hard exercise, restored theirestrogen menstration- Successful treatment: teamo Person with the ED Physician Psychologist Nutritional counseling Friends, roommates, etc ????????- Resources on
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