Lecture 14Obesity Trends Among US Adults 1985 - 2010Obesity – Body Mass Index (BMI) of 30 or higherBody Mass Index (BMI) – a measure of an adult’s weight in relation to his or her heightWeight/height squaredWhy are Americans getting bigger?- Too many calories in, not enough calories outDietsKey is one of 2 Things:1. Make people eat less2. Make people eat differentlyKey Messages:A. “I was just like you”B. Other diets don’t worko Tried them all but: Too complicated Didn’t cause weight loss Lose weight but couldn’t keep it off Could not stick to ito You have to explain why you failed in the past, and why your diet will workC. The “Eureka moment”o I was in the library at Harvard/Stanford reading old papers when I found an old paper that had been dismissed/forgotten/rejected by th medical establishmentD. Basic principle that sounds “science-y”o Atkins: Metabolic advantageo 17-day: Metabolic confusiono Zone: metabolic state in which you “reset your genetic code”o Paleo: genetics haven’t changed but diet hasE. Why this diet is different (Patent claim)o Not complicatedo Won’t be hungryo Eat all you want of something…o As long as you avoid something elseo Very few emphasize exerciseF. You MUSTo Promise fast weight losso Catchy title The Zone 17-day Paleo South BeachIn past 30 yrs, CHO in diet has gone up. Percent of Americans weight also increased.The Atkins Diet1972 – The Diet RevolutionPlan: restrict CHO intake but eat as much protein and fat as you wantAtkins Method- Phases: 14 dayso 1 slice of bread- Ongoing Weight Loss: <50 g CHO/day =o 2 slices of bread- Maintenance: ~100 g CHO/dayo 1 DD coffee cake muffinAccording to Dr. Atkins“When you follow a controlled CHO approach, you get what I call a “’metabolic advantage.’”Possibilities:1. Lose kcal b/c you excrete ketones2. Burn more kcal converting protein CHO3. Burn more kcal b/c high protein diet through thermogenesisOption 1:Loss of kcal by excreting ketonesKetone provide energy for brain when not eating enough kcal or CHOExcrete 20g ketones/day = 80 kcal(1 lb. fat = 3500 kcal)6 weeks to lose 1 lb.Option 2:Converting protein to CHO, lose 40% of the energy in the conversionMake 1000 g glucose costs 70 kcals/day = about 1 lb. in 6 weeksOption 3:Energy expended by thermogenesis following high protein diet = increaseMore thermogenesis could burn extra 50 – 90 kcal/day 4 – 8 lose 1 lb. of fatMetabolic Advantage?Lose MAXIMUM of 3 lb. in 6 weeksBUT; low-CHO may work for a while b/c1. people think about what they’re eating2. snack choices were limited cheese, pork rinds, nutsProblems: too complicated and too
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