9.23.13 Kin 110 class notes- To maintain exercise performance – why do you need to feed your liver- Gumball machine & human exampleo Quarters CP, ATPo $1 Glycogen, Glucoseo $100o Visa- Immediate energy systemso ATP ADP + Pio **know what ATP looks likeo Creatine Phosphate or CP (rolls of quarters) Can extract quickly (but not as fast as a single quarter aka ATP) CP + ADP ATPo Quick, local, limited (8-12 seconds of exercise) Run about 100 meters if you’re pretty fasto CHO use regenerates- Stored glucose available to produce ATPo Glycolysis Glucose 2 molecules of pyruvate (3 carbon) Releases 2 ATP- NON – Oxidative glycolysis: pyruvate to lactate (lactic acid)o 2 ppyruvate 2 lactate- Alternative: Oxidative Glycolysiso First part the same: Glucose pyruvate + 2 ATP But pyruvate sent to muscle fiber, mitochondria (powerhouse of the cell)- Endosymbiotic theory by Lynn Marguliso 1967 paper: The Origin of Mitosing Eukaryotic Cellso Mitochondria were colonized, used to be free living organismso Free room and board in exchange for energy- In mitochondriao Pyruvate broken down using oxygen to CO2 (carbon dioxide) and H2O(water)- Oxidative glycolysis releases 30-36 ATPo More than 2 (non-oxidative glycolysis)o Disadvantages Need oxygen Slower process- Pyruvate mitochondria break down to smaller pieces (acetyl CoA Krebs cycle ETS (electron transport system)- Breakdown of glucose like a dollaro That can be broken down down to release quarters/glucose to be spento Greater capacity to store energy- Where is glucose stored?o 1 Glycogen about 300 g in muscleo repeating glucose unitso many branches- starch also alpha bonds but few brancheso why do plants store energy as starch?- Enzymes release glucose from the endso This is good because animals have higher energy expenditure than plantso Plants never have to produce energy quickly- Glycogen only source of CHO energy?o 5 g = 20 kcalo 2. Blood glucoseo not used much by most tissueso mainly reserved for brain- blood glucose doesn’t last longo 20 mins at resto 2 mins during hard exerciseo muscle is also using glucose – selfish organ, keeps it for itself competing with braino keep enough in blood so brain is happy?- 3. Liver glycogen (60-100 g)o breakdown of liver in glycogen replaces glucose in bloodo maintains normal blood glucose including during exerciseo important dietary target- muscleo has its own glycogen in muscle & blood glucose pyruvate (glycolysis) nonoxidative glycolysis lactate & 2 ATP oxidative glycolysis in mitochondria = carbon dioxide and water and 36 ATP liver has glycogen that it breaks down to glucose and puts it in the
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