9.9.13 kin 110 lecture notes- Health (wellness?)o Are they the same thing?o No…o Is Wellness is a subset of health?o Health is… Freedom from disease Mental, physical, emotional health  wellness Wellness expands to other things Health is more physical (subset of wellness)- Maximum human performance in that context?o Freedom from diseaseo Excelling – quality of lifeo Quality – not just how long, requires more exerciseo Quantity – lifespan, eat as little as possible, expend as little calories as possible, don’t be physical activityo Changes over time and changes for different people- Can you be overweight but healthy?- Let’s agree high energy turnover is “good”o Physically activeo Athlete lifestyleo How do you do it?o Deliberately expending energy through exerciseo Walking to school, stairs…- Are exercise and physical activity the same thing?o No…o Exercise – planned, done for the sake of doing ito Physical activity – different goal in mind, ex. Mowing the lawn is to cut the grass, not to exercise- Exercise is planned activity designed to expend energy, increase fitness/speed/skill/endurance and you’re trying to accomplish a fitness goal- Controversy about whether physical activity and exercise have the same benefits?o Mental capacityo Lifespano What matters in terms of health/wellness?o Reason for controversy: fitness Generally increase fitness during exercise Not necessarily the case with physical activity- Fitness.o What is it? Something that is measurable (not always easy to do) Strength- Resistance training increases strength Cardiovascular fitness Flexibility Endurance Speed- Messier when we define healtho Do physical characteristics = good health? Low body fat- Does this mean you are healthy? NO- Bulimia and anorexia nervosa- How did you get to this point?- Exercise?- Naturally high metabolism- Many athletes have eating disorders- Bone density issues- Electrolyte imbalances Overweight and healthy?- “slow fat triathlete”- high(er) body fat than average athlete- Controversy re: fat, fitness, and healtho National health policy Obesity is strongly related to prevalence of disease in the population- Diabetes- Hypertension- Heart disease Lack of physical fitness What population?- US population- Is everyone equal?- 320 billion people- life expectancy has gone up in the past 50 years- women have 5 year advantage over men- counties…o certain places have gotten worse than better compared with other counties.o Characteristic of where you liveo Want to prevent disease- Life expectancy by race and sexo Everyone has improved, women more than meno There is a racial gap however between whites and blackso Has to do with socioeconomic status, education levels,…- Diabetes prevalenceo Older people are more likely to get diabeteso American Indians/Alaska native are at the highest risk at every age groupo Blacks are 2nd highest risko Hispanic/latino Americans have 3rd highest risko Whites have 4th highest- Health disparityo Differences in health and disease among specific groups in a populationo (HINT: KNOW THIS!)- If rates of diabetes are higher in minority men/women, what do we do about it?o If obesity is main cause of diabetes, heart disease then solution is lose weight!o Americans are too fat as a whole = obesityo What if obesity isn’t the actual problem?o Reversing obesity epidemic and in effect improve health- Is obesity the MAIN health problem of a symptom of the main problem?o Poor diet/lack of exercise.o Obesityo Preventable disease: heart disease, obesity, hypertensiono Lifestyle diseaseso Poor diet/lack of exercise is the real problem! Directly the problem, obesity is the symptomo Is your neighborhood safe to exercise in?o Are you close to a grocery store with fresh, healthy food- Many years, cannot be “healthy” and overweight, low body fat and good health are intrinsically related.o Steve Blair - Changing. Strong evidence that people at ideal body weight but with low cardiovascular fitness are at greater risk for disease and premature deatho Highest risk: people at perfect body weight with no cardiovascular fitnesso Fit/Fat: Its better to be fit and fat then unfit and leano Blair runs 30/40 miles per week yet looks like a bowling ball- Overweight athleteso 10 lean fit women Body fat 17%, training 10 hr/weeko 10 overweight fit women Body fat: 34%, training 10 hr/week Cyclists Runners triathleteso 10 overweight unfit women Body fat 36%, no regular exerciseo Measured blood triglycerides, etco Does fitness matter more than fatness?o Partly right… Best data: Blood triglycerides- Indicator of heart disease- Lean athletes have low blood triglycerides- Sedentary have high numbers- Overweight fit athletes have same number of blood triglycerides as lean athleteso In general lean athletes were better on most data outcomeso But when it comes to blood triglycerides, the overweight athletes werecomparable- What are characteristics of people who have…- How do people who do a lot physical activity maintain a high body fat?o 2009 time cover story its what you eat that counts when losing weight is exercise useless for weight loss? Cover is inflammatoryo Eating back the calories that you worked off Expend 2000 calories, eat 2000 calories per dayo Expend fewer calories some other way, slow metabolism