BIOL 111 301 1st Edition Lecture 7 Outline of Last Lecture I Cell Division and the cell cycle II Stages of mitosis III Cytokinesis IV Control of Cell V Cancer unstoppable cell division Outline of Current Lecture I Metabolism II III IV V Measuring energy Thermodynamics Spontaneous Reactions Gibbs Free Energy Current Lecture Metabolism o Energy the capacity to do work or cause Change Types of energy Kinetic energy due to motion o Ex light heat sound Potential energy stored due to position or structure o Ex chemical atomic Measuring energy o Calorie cal amt heat required to raise 1 g of water 1 C Kcal 1000 cal Calorie in food Thermodynamics o Studying energy flow in natural systems 1st Law Energy and matter can be transferred but cannot be created or destroyed 2nd Law In every energy transfer some energy becomes unusable heat which increases entropy or disorder of the universe Spontaneous Reactions o Require no input of energy o Increases entropy Gibbs Free Energy o Measures the energy in a system ex living cell o Value of G will predict spontaneity of a reaction o G H T S G change in free energy E avail for work H change in enthalpy potential E T temperature measured in degrees Kelvin S change in entropy G spontaneous o Exergonic net release of free energy o Products are more stable but w less free energy G NOT spontaneous o Endergonic absorbs stores free energy o Products are less stable but w more free energy Metabolism o Chemical reactions in a cell required to maintain life o Types of metabolism Anabolic building molecules requires energy Catabolic breaking down molecules produces energy
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