Earth Structure Matter Atoms Chemistry Solar system formed from nebular cloud Scales http www oceansatlas org unatlas about howoceans wereformed2 origin html Three Eras of Life Paleozoic 540 to 248 million years ago Old life trilobites horn corals Mesozoic 248 to 65 million years ago Middle life dinosaurs Cenozoic http www msnbc msn com id 6817636 65 million years ago to now New life age of mammals http www nature com doifinder 10 1038 438426a Earth from Space Earth Structure Lithospheric Plates Convection Plate Boundaries Crust diagram Lithosphere diagram Lithosphere types Continent Ocean Division Continent Ocean Division 71 of surface covered with ocean 40 of surface is continental crust Not all of the continental surface is dry Crustal Surface Features North American Continental Features Earth Cycles Mt St Helens Blast http www fs fed us gpnf volcanocams msh Mt St Helens Gibbous Earth Electron cloud Atom components New Cle Us Too many people in important positions say it incorrectly do not show your ignorance by doing the same Contains protons positive and neutrons neutral The mass of the atom Electron cloud Arranged in energy levels Electrons have negative charge Periodic Table Atom Nucleus Elements of the Crust Oxygen Silicon Aluminum Iron Calcium Sodium Potassium Magnesium O Si Al Fe Ca Na K Mg 47 28 8 5 4 3 3 2 Chemical Symbols First letter is capitalized Second letter if present is not capitalized SN is a compound of sulfur and nitrogen Sn is the element Tin Far right noble gases nonreactive 2nd on right halogens extremely reactive 3rd on right oxygen group very reactive 2nd on left alkaline earth metals very reactive Far left alkali metals extremely reactive Element groups Dot diagram of some elements Valence Electrons for groups on periodic table Ionic Bonds with Dot Diagram Ions are not electrically neutral Ions are not like the atoms they are derived from Sodium Chloride structure Covalent Bonds Electrons are shared not donated as ions have done Unlike nonmetals form polar covalent molecules Polar molecules have charged character Water Molecule Two Hydrogen One Oxygen Share electrons covalent bonds Oxygen and Hydrogen Atoms Water Molecule with covalent bonds Polar Water Molecule
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