Anthropology Final Study online at quizlet com k9gmm 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Beginning about when do we see the earliest civilizations 6 000 ya Gradualism vs Punctuated equilibrium rate by which speciation occurs hominid includes who past and present humans hominoid includes who apes and humans How do prosimians differ from anthropoids more primitive usually dog sized or smaller and don t have all characteristics of primates How does the body change in association with bipedalism centered foramen magnum s shaped spine bowl shaped pelvis lengths and attachments of leg muscles angle of femur shape of knee shape of foot and relative lengths of arms and legs Humans are genetically most similar to what other primate chimpanzee In an egalitarian society status is based on Age sex and whether you are married or not List from oldest to most recent the epochs of the Quaternary period pleistocene 1 8 may 10 000 ya and holocene 10 000 ya now List from oldest to most recent the epochs of the Tertiary period paleocene eocene oligocene miocene pliocene PEOMP The measurement of human body parts and dimensions Anthropometry 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 Mostly Out of Africa Model Homo erectus spread out of Africa Modern Homo sapiens began in Africa and spread out unrestricted gene flow so present genetic variability reflects both local older developments and more recent African developments Out of Africa vs Multiregional Where how Homo sapiens arose given that humans were already spread across a large geographic area Place the major cultural periods of eastern North America in chronological order starting with the oldest period paleoindian archaic woodland mississippian Social rules that say you must find your mate only within your own religion are called endogamy To when do the oldest human burials date in Australia 42 000 48 000 ya True or False Australia was colonized by people who were able to walk across the Sunda land bridge during the peak of glaciation False True or False Australia was first settled along the northern coast True True or False In an egalitarian society leadership is ascribed False True or False People colonized the southern tip of South America in the vicinity of the Monte Verde site by boat directly from Africa False True or False We have recovered over 100 skeletons from Clovis and pre Clovis sites in North America False 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 Under this newer taxonomy the grouping for past and present humans alone is called what hominin what are the behavioral characteristics of primates parental investment and sociality What are the physical characteristics of a primate grasping pentadactyl hands feet sight over smell tactile pads and nails generalized skeleton with retention of clavicle expanded complex brain What behavioral characteristics do great apes share with us learning from experience tool use make nests and throw objects What characterizes a state level society or civilization record keeping formal government military monuments territory control stratified hierarchial society elite at top and commoners at bottom surplus controlled by elite dense population cities What controversies are linked with the colonization of Australia When it was settled 40 60 000 ya older is controversial and how many waves of migration there were What controversies are linked with the peopling of the New World When it was settled probably at least 20 000 ya by what route it was settled either over land Beringia then ice free corridor by sea from Siberia down Pacific coast or by sea from England down Atlantic coast Where people came from Siberia or Europe and if we find similar artifacts earlier in source areas what distinguishes humans from other primates What effect did glaciation have on the colonization of the Americas 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 cooperative share food get food together rely on meat more omnivorous consume in periods language contributes to greater information storage mate throughout year value marriage and create kinship with marriage rules Sea levels fell exposing Beringia allowing people to enter Alaska from Siberia Land passage to rest of North America depended on opening of ice free corridor from Alaska through Canada 40 41 42 43 44 45 What effect did the Ice Age have on the colonization of Australia and the New World glacial advances made sea levels fall exposing shallow ocean floors as land people could walk on What ethical guidelines are important to anthropologists responsibilities to subjects studied students those who fund research and to profession What hominid was the first to definitely colonize Australia Siberia and the Americas Homo sapiens sapiens What is a polymorphism traits that display variation what is absolute dating Year or range of years giving a date in numbers What is an egalitarian society Kinship based 30 50 or less Equal access to basic needs status by age sex and marital status Leadership by achievement Not fully sedentary may be seasonally mobile What is another pair of hominids who coexisted at the same time Australopithecus sediba gracile 1 95 1 8 mya and Homo habilis 2 51 6 mya What is anthropology The holistic and integrative scientific study of humans What is ascribed status One you are born into you obtain that status at birth what is colvis first distribution and spread of Clovis points 13 000 10 000 ya across North America represents distribution and spread of the original colonists into America what is evidence for a stratified hierarchical society Infant buried with grave goods similar to an adult male s grave goods What is evolution a change in allele frequency in a population over time Evolution is about populations not individuals What is gradualism small changes accumulate gradually until you have a new species What is multiregionalism spread out populations of Homo erectus and archaic Homo evolved about same time into Homo sapiens What is natural selection survival of the fittest 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 What is pre clovis distribution spread of Clovis 13 000 10 000 ya represents new technology not american colonization there were already people just making less distinctive artifacts What is punctuated equilibrium long periods of equilibrium set of allele frequencies stable punctuated by bursts of change What is Recent Outof Africa first modern Homo sapiens evolved in Africa and spread out replacing archaic Homo who were already spread out elsewhere What is relative dating time given relative to
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