Anthropology Final1. Beginningabout when dowe see theearliestcivilizations?6,000 ya2. Gradualism vsPunctuatedequilibriumrate by which speciation occurs3. hominidincludes who?past and present humans4. hominoidincludes who?apes and humans5. How doprosimiansdiffer fromanthropoids?more primitive, usually dog sized orsmaller, and don't have all characteristicsof primates6. How does thebody change inassociationwithbipedalism?centered foramen magnum, s-shapedspine, bowl shaped pelvis, lengths andattachments of leg muscles, angle of femur,shape of knee, shape of foot, and relativelengths of arms and legs7. Humans aregenetically mostsimilar to whatother primate?chimpanzee8. In anegalitariansociety, statusis based on:Age, sex, and whether you are married ornot.9. List, fromoldest to mostrecent, theepochs of theQuaternaryperiod.pleistocene (1.8 may-10,000 ya) andholocene (10,000 ya- now)10. List, fromoldest to mostrecent, theepochs of theTertiaryperiod.paleocene, eocene, oligocene, miocene,pliocene (PEOMP)11. Themeasurementof human bodyparts anddimensions:Anthropometry12. Mostly Out of AfricaModel:Homo erectus spread out of Africa,Modern Homo sapiens began inAfrica and spread out, unrestrictedgene flow, so present geneticvariability reflects both local olderdevelopments and more recentAfrican developments13. Out-of-Africa vs.MultiregionalWhere/how Homo sapiens arosegiven that humans were alreadyspread across a large geographicarea14. Place the majorcultural periods ofeastern NorthAmerica inchronological order,starting with theoldest period.paleoindian, archaic, woodland,mississippian15. Social rules that sayyou must find yourmate only within yourown religion arecalled:endogamy16. To when do the oldesthuman burials date inAustralia?42,000-48,000 ya17. True or False:Australia wascolonized by peoplewho were able to walkacross the Sunda landbridge during thepeak of glaciation.False18. True or False:Australia was firstsettled along thenorthern coast.True19. True or False: In anegalitarian society,leadership is ascribedFalse20. True or False: Peoplecolonized thesouthern tip of SouthAmerica, in thevicinity of the MonteVerde site, by boatdirectly from Africa.False21. True or False: Wehave recovered over100 skeletons fromClovis and pre-Clovissites in NorthAmerica.FalseAnthropology FinalStudy online at quizlet.com/_k9gmm22. Under thisnewertaxonomy, thegrouping forpast andpresenthumans aloneis called what?hominin23. what are thebehavioralcharacteristicsof primates?parental investment and sociality24. What are thephysicalcharacteristicsof a primate?grasping, pentadactyl hands/feet, sight oversmell, tactile pads and nails, generalizedskeleton with retention of clavicle,expanded complex brain25. Whatbehavioralcharacteristicsdo great apesshare with us?learning from experience, tool use, makenests, and throw objects26. Whatcharacterizesa state-levelsociety orcivilization?record keeping, formal government,military, monuments, territory control,stratified hierarchial society, (elite at topand commoners at bottom) surpluscontrolled by elite, dense population (cities)27. Whatcontroversiesare linked withthecolonization ofAustralia?When it was settled, (40-60,000 ya) olderis controversial and how many waves ofmigration there were28. Whatcontroversiesare linked withthe peopling ofthe NewWorld?When it was settled, (probably at least20,000 ya), by what route it was settled,(either over land, Beringia, then ice freecorridor, by sea from Siberia down Pacificcoast or by sea from England down Atlanticcoast) Where people came from, (Siberia orEurope) and if we find similar artifactsearlier in source areas29. whatdistinguisheshumans fromotherprimates?cooperative, share food, get food together,rely on meat more, omnivorous, consume inperiods, language contributes to greaterinformation storage, mate throughout year,value marriage, and create kinship withmarriage rules30. What effectdid glaciationhave on thecolonization ofthe Americas?Sea levels fell, exposing Beringia allowingpeople to enter Alaska from Siberia. Landpassage to rest of North America dependedon opening of ice free corridor from Alaskathrough Canada31. What effect did theIce Age have on thecolonization ofAustralia and theNew World?glacial advances made sea levels fall,exposing shallow ocean floors as landpeople could walk on32. What ethicalguidelines areimportant toanthropologists?responsibilities to subjects studied,students, those who fund research,and to profession33. What hominid wasthe first todefinitely colonizeAustralia, Siberia,and the Americas?Homo sapiens sapiens34. What is apolymorphism?traits that display variation35. what is absolutedating?Year or range of years, giving a date innumbers36. What is anegalitarian society?Kinship based, 30-50 (or less) Equalaccess to basic needs, status by age,sex, and marital status. Leadership byachievement. Not fully sedentary, maybe seasonally mobile37. What is anotherpair of hominidswho coexisted atthe same time?Australopithecus sediba (gracile)(1.95-1.8 mya) and Homo habilis (2.5-1.6 mya)38. What isanthropology?The holistic and integrative scientificstudy of humans39. What is ascribedstatus?One you are born into: you obtain thatstatus at birth.40. what is colvis-first? distribution and spread of Clovispoints (13,000-10,000 ya) acrossNorth America represents distributionand spread of the original colonistsinto America41. what is evidencefor a stratified,hierarchicalsociety?Infant buried with grave goods similarto an adult male's grave goods42. What is evolution? a change in allele frequency in apopulation over time. Evolution isabout populations, not individuals.43. What isgradualism?small changes accumulate graduallyuntil you have a new species44. What ismultiregionalism?spread out populations of Homoerectus and archaic Homo evolvedabout same time into Homo sapiens45. What is naturalselection?survival of the fittest46. What is pre-clovis? distribution/spread of Clovis(13,000-10,000 ya) represents newtechnology, not americancolonization: there were alreadypeople, just making less distinctiveartifacts47. What is punctuatedequilibrium?long periods of equilibrium (set ofallele frequencies stable), punctuatedby bursts of change48. What is Recent Out-of-Africa?first modern Homo sapiens evolvedin Africa, and spread out replacingarchaic Homo who were alreadyspread out elsewhere49. What is relativedating?time given relative to other things,tells whether something is older oryounger than something else50. What is
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