Review of early hominids and geological epochs what genus is this Ardipithecus solely human lineage ape AND human lineage Geologic Time Scale Epoch 1 7 mya 5 mya 24 mya 36 mya Late first hominids fossil gap Early Cercopithecoid Hominoid split Anthropoids proliferate Platyrrhine Catarrhine split Late Eocene Catopithecus Undisputed primates prosimians earliest then anthropoids 55 mya 65 mya archaic primates disputed Plesiadapiforms http www ucmp berkeley edu cenozoic cenozoic html 22 Feb 2005 Miocene 23 5 mya Terminal Miocene Event climate change more savannah in east Africa less forest Sahelanthropus 7 6 mya Found where central Africa Represents what sort of primate either a hominoid or early hominid both human AND ape lineage or solely human lineage http www talkorigins org Miocene into Pliocene 23 5 5 0 1 7 mya 5 8 4 4 mya in eastern Africa Ardipithecus ramidus Was Ardipithecus yes bipedal entirely terrestrial big brained no a hominid yes no how can you tell Pliocene 5 0 1 7 mya What genus of hominid follows after Ardipithecus Australopithecus 4 2 1 8 mya which species is earliest A anamensis 4 2 3 8 mya east Africa what species occurred next A afarensis 3 9 3 0 mya east Africa what is the name of one famous A afarensis fossil Lucy Pliocene 5 0 1 7 mya What are the last species of Australopithecus and where are they found Aus africanus both east and south Africa 3 0 2 3 mya example Taung child Raymond Dart Aus sediba south Africa 1 95 1 8 mya Is Australopithecus thought to be in our lineage yes So all australopithecines lived during what geological epoch the Pliocene which went from when to when 1 7 mya 5 mya At the end of the Pliocene between 3 0 1 7 mya we find what species of hominid Homo habilis 2 5 1 6 mya Paranthropus boisei robust 2 2 1 0 mya Paranthropus robustus robust 2 5 1 5 mya Australopithecus africanus gracile 3 0 2 3 mya Australopithecus sediba gracile 1 95 1 8 mya Pliocene Pleistocene 5 0 1 7 mya 1 7 mya 10 000 ya During this period we see gracile and robust australopithecines What are we calling the robust australopithecines Paranthropus Are they hominid yes are they in our lineage what was their diet no they went extinct vegetarian very tough stuff so strong jaws and teeth The gracile australopithecines what we are calling Australopithecus existed only during the Pliocene in east and south Africa But at the Pliocene Pleistocene boundary we find at least FIVE co existing hominids one in our lineage and the others who went extinct who are they 2 5 2 0 1 5 1 0 Homo habilis Australopithecus sediba Paranthropus robustus Paranthropus boisei Homo erectus Pliocene Pleistocene How is Homo different from Paranthropus locomotion brain size diet both bipedal Homo larger Paranthropus ape size Homo omnivore Paranthropus vegetarian cranial characteristics tied to diet Paranthropus has sagittal crest huge mandibles muscles very large molars Homo no sagittal crest mandibles molars smaller blood drainage from brain Homo two Paranthropus one What sets Homo apart from Australopithecus The major difference is the first significant increase in BRAIN SIZE Smithsonian Institution A afarensis Homo habilis Homo first appears 2 5 mya in east and south Africa What led us to put this early hominid into our genus Two related items 1 Substantially larger brain 20 50 larger 2 First use of stone tools How does early Homo compare to Australopithecus Cranial characteristics Back teeth still large compared to us but smaller than earlier hominids the beginning of a general trend in humans toward smaller teeth Compared to Australopithecus 1 Larger cranial capacity beginning of trend 2 Less postorbital constriction 3 More rounded cranium no sagittal crest 4 Zygomatic arch smaller less massive jaw 5 Smaller slightly less prognathic face 6 Parabolic dental arch Australopithcus had Ushaped arch What is the Pleistocene a geological epoch known as the Ice Age 1 7 mya 10 000 ya List from oldest to most recent the geological epochs in the Tertiary period Paleocene Eocene Oligocene Miocene Pliocene notice how all the words end in cene During the Pleistocene were sea shores in the same location they are today no sea levels were lower continents were larger Friday Oct 25th next film Flintknapping bring your movie question sheet to class with you STAPLE your pages together BEFORE you come to class
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