Anthropology Terms Exam 3 Study online at quizlet com hvobe 1 Archaic Homo 780 000 28 000 ya Middle Pleistocene Transitional forms between H erectus and H sapiens Brain sizes within modern range but other cranial features are primitive Found in Africa Europe Asia 2 Atatl spear thrower 3 Blade Type of flake struck off a prepared core it is at least 2x long as wide parallel sided 4 Burin Tools which have a sharp tip for etching lines in things like bones engraving tool 5 Clovis finely worked bifacial points paleoindian lanceolate fluted spear point found in north america 13 000 10 000 ya Clovis First Clovis points were made by the earliest colonizers and represent the geographic spread of the first successful colonizers Composite tools tools with several parts 8 Dyuktai Siberian Upper Paleolithic culture no older than 18 000 ya probably 14 000 12 000 ya characterized by bifacial points discoidal Levallois and wedge shaped cores dihedral burins crescentic flakes microblade scrapers notched based blades Hunted mammoth and musk ox 9 Exotic non local 10 Gradualism change is slow and gradual enough change accumulates we call something a new species 11 Grave Goods Elaborate burials include personal items 12 Homo Erectus 1 8 mya 250 000 ya 1st to radiate out of Africa 1st modern body but muscular Cranium not modern New tools Acheulian hand axe Has language shelter fire clothing Homo floresiensis Hobbits Found in 2004 on island of Flores in Indonesia three foot high brain 1 3 size of ours Homo heidelbergensis 780 000 160 000 ya Middle Pleistocene Replaced H erectus steeper forehead modern brain size Average cranial capacity 1 250 ml thinner cranial bones smaller face less prognathous less pronounced brow ridges less postorbital constriction Found in Europe Asia eastern Africa 6 7 Homo neanderthalensis 225 000 28 000 ya Early human who used same tools as Homo sapiens but had bigger brains 16 Homo Sapiens Transitional near modern by 300 000100 000 ya Fully modern appear by 195 000 ya By 28 000 ya ALL humans are anatomically modern High round cranium back of head round tall forehead flat face smaller brow ridge has chin Africa 17 Lanceolate lance shaped longer than broad wider at the base tapering toward the apex 18 Levallois Type of prepared core for making flakes of an exact shape Get more sharp edge for amount of stone started with abt 4 5 blanks flakes per core First in Africa later in Europe Middle Paleolithic Meadowcroft Rockshelter Site older than 12 800 yrs southwestern Pennsylvania Mostly Out of Africa Model 1 H erectus spread out of Africa 2 Modern H sapiens originated in Africa and spread out 3 Gene flow was not restricted or one way so present genetic variability reflects both local older developments and more recent African developments In other words anatomically modern H sapiens interbred with local archaic populations Mousterian Neandertal tool assemblage Middle Paleolithic Multiregional Evolution Model 1 Homo erectus originated in Africa and spread out into Europe Asia and Africa 2 Local H erectus populations evolved regional differences in response to local environmental conditions 3 Although regional differences developed gene flow was substantial enough so that all stayed one species 4 H erectus populations simultaneously evolved into modern H sapiens retaining local differences Mungo Man Willandra Lakes region Southeastern Australia Now dry lake beds then was lake where people fished collected shellfish and hunted small game Major drought began 40 000 ya Over 775 artifacts Mungo Woman was cremated the remaining bones smashed burned again and then buried 15 19 20 21 13 14 22 23 24 Neandertals 225 000 28 000 ya Most famous population of archaic Homo Eurasia around the Mediterranean Large nose large rounded brow ridges low sloping forehead low long skull often has occipital bun no chin large front teeth average cranial capacity of 1 500 ml 25 Pre Clovis People were already here making other sorts of less durable tools and or less distinctive tools So Clovis represents the spread of a new technology rather than the spread of the first colonizers Prepared core the type of core from which blades are struck Punctuated Equilibrium A species has a long period of equilibrium little to no change punctuated by a burst of change into a new species Recent African Origin model 1 Only one archaic H erectus population in Africa evolved into modern H sapiens who then spread from that geographic area 2 Other archaic Homo populations elsewhere were replaced by this one which originated in Africa In other words anatomically modern H sapiens did not interbreed with the archaic populations in each area they took over genetically 29 symbolism any object sign gesture or vocal expression that in some way refers to or represents something beyond itself 30 Topper 20 000yr old site in South Carolina Savannah river Upper Paleolithic Tool traditions made by early H sapiens more technologically sophisticated characterized by use of blades broader subsistence base and larger settlements 26 27 28 31
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