Anthropology Terms Exam 31. Archaic Homo 780,000 - 28,000 ya (Middle Pleistocene)Transitional forms between H. erectus andH. sapiens. Brain sizes within modernrange, but other cranial features areprimitive. Found in Africa, Europe, & Asia2. Atatl spear thrower3. Blade Type of flake struck off a prepared core, it isat least 2x long as wide, parallel sided.4. Burin Tools which have a sharp tip for etchinglines in things, like bones (engraving tool)5. Clovis finely worked bifacial points (paleoindian)lanceolate, fluted spear point, found innorth america (13,000-10,000 ya)6. Clovis-First Clovis points were made by the earliestcolonizers and represent the geographicspread of the first successful colonizers7. Compositetoolstools with several parts8. Dyuktai Siberian Upper Paleolithic culture no olderthan 18,000 ya, probably 14,000-12,000ya characterized by bifacial points;discoidal, Levallois, and wedge-shapedcores; dihedral burins; crescentic flakes;microblade scrapers; notched-basedblades. Hunted mammoth and musk ox9. Exotic non local10. Gradualism change is slow and gradual enough changeaccumulates, we call something a newspecies11. Grave Goods Elaborate burials include personal items12. Homo Erectus 1.8 mya - 250,000 ya. 1st to radiate out ofAfrica, 1st modern body (but muscular)Cranium not modern. New tools:Acheulian hand axe. Has language,shelter, fire, clothing13. HomofloresiensisHobbits, Found in 2004 on island of Floresin Indonesia three-foot high, brain 1/3 sizeof ours14. Homoheidelbergensis780,000-160,000 ya (Middle Pleistocene)Replaced H. erectus: steeper forehead,modern brain size (Average cranialcapacity 1,250 ml), thinner cranial bones,smaller face, less prognathous, lesspronounced brow ridges, less postorbitalconstriction. Found in Europe, Asia,eastern Africa.15. Homoneanderthalensis225,000-28,000 ya, Early human whoused same tools as Homo sapiens, buthad bigger brains.16. Homo Sapiens Transitional, near modern by 300,000-100,000 ya. Fully modern appear by195,000 ya. By 28,000 ya, ALL humansare anatomically modern. High roundcranium, back of head round, tallforehead, flat face, smaller brow ridge,has chin (Africa)17. Lanceolate lance-shaped, longer than broad, widerat the base, tapering toward the apex18. Levallois Type of prepared core for making flakesof an exact shape, Get more sharp edgefor amount of stone started with: abt 4-5blanks/flakes per core. First in Africa,later in Europe. Middle Paleolithic19. MeadowcroftRockshelterSite older than 12,800 yrs, southwesternPennsylvania20. Mostly Out ofAfrica Model1. H. erectus spread out of Africa 2. Modern H. sapiens originated inAfrica and spread out3. Gene flow was not restricted or oneway, so present genetic variabilityreflects both local older developmentsandmore recent African developments- In other words, anatomically modernH. sapiens interbred with local archaicpopulations21. Mousterian Neandertal tool assemblage (MiddlePaleolithic)22. MultiregionalEvolution Model1. Homo erectus originated in Africa andspread out into Europe, Asia, and Africa2. Local H. erectus populations evolvedregional differences in response to localenvironmental conditions3. Although regional differencesdeveloped, gene flow was substantialenough so that all stayed one species4. H. erectus populations simultaneouslyevolved into modern H. sapiens,retaining local differences23. Mungo Man Willandra Lakes region, SoutheasternAustralia. Now dry lake beds, then waslake where people fished, collectedshellfish, and hunted small game. Majordrought began 40,000 ya. Over 775artifacts Mungo Woman was cremated,the remaining bones smashed, burnedagain, and then buried.Anthropology Terms Exam 3Study online at quizlet.com/_hvobe24. Neandertals 225,000-28,000 ya. Most famous population of archaic Homo, (Eurasia around the Mediterranean) Large nose, largerounded brow ridges, low sloping forehead, low long skull, often has occipital bun, no chin, large front teeth, averagecranial capacity of 1,500 ml25. Pre-Clovis People were already here, making other sorts of less durable tools and/or less distinctive tools. So Clovis represents thespread of a new technology rather than the spread of the first colonizers26. Preparedcorethe type of core from which blades are struck27. PunctuatedEquilibriumA species has a long period of equilibrium(little to no change), punctuated by a burst of change into a new species28. RecentAfricanOriginmodel1. Only one archaic H. erectus population in Africa evolved into modern H. sapiens, who then spread from thatgeographic area2. Other archaic Homo populations elsewhere were replaced by this one which originated in Africa- In other words, anatomically modern H. sapiens did not interbreed with the archaic populations in each area: they tookover genetically29. symbolism any object, sign, gesture, or vocal expression that in some way refers to or represents something beyond itself30. Topper 20,000yr old site in South Carolina, Savannah river31. UpperPaleolithicTool traditions made by early H. sapiens, more technologically sophisticated, characterized by use of blades, broadersubsistence base, and larger
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