Slide 1Slide 2Slide 3Slide 4Slide 5Slide 6Slide 7Slide 8Slide 9Slide 10Slide 11Slide 12Slide 13Slide 14Review of Genetics (Part I)A codon is composed of:Three pairs of basesA codon gives the blueprintfor making what?An amino acidA gene is composed of:a number of sets of codonsA gene gives the blueprintfor making what?A proteinVariant sets of codons are called what?allelesCan different sets of alleles result in thesame phenotype?Yes. But they can also result in a different phenotype.Can different sets of alleles result in thesame genotype?NoTRUE or FALSEAn individual can evolve during their lifetime.FALSE. Evolution occurs in populations.There is a direction to evolution. A speciesbecomes more complex.FALSE. There is no direction to evolution.The variation that is favored in populationsis that variation best adapted to anychanges in the environment.That portion of a DNA molecule that carriesa code that instructs the cell to make aparticular protein is called what?gene, which can also be called a locusThe section of DNA that codes for a particularamino acid is called what?codonTRUE or FALSECodons are composed of three setsof basesTRUEA codon gives the blueprint or instructionsfor a particular amino acidTRUEA gene is a sequence of codonsTRUE- Populations are adapted to their environment- Population undergoes adaptive change when the environment changes- Variation already exists. Those best adapted survive- Those who survive pass on their variation to their offspringThese tenets are part of what famous theory?The theory of natural selectionWho formulated the theory of natural selection?Alfred Russell Wallace and Charles DarwinGiven that genes occur at specific placeson specific chromosomes, what is anothername for a gene?locus (plural = loci)TRUE or FALSEThe number of chromosomes you haveis related to how complex you areFALSEMitosis is the process that splits pairs ofalleles in order to make gametes or sex cells.FALSE. That process is meiosis.Gametes are haploid (have just one of thesets of alleles)TRUE“poly” means ??? “di” means ???“mono” means ??? “ploid” means ???“poly” means more than oneA polygenic trait is influenced by two or more genes.“mono” means one.A monogenic trait is determined by one gene.“di” means two. “ploid” means number.All cells in our body except gametes are diploid.What is the difference between genome and genotype?Genome: the total genetic endowmentof a speciesGenotype: the variant alleles presentin an individualWhere does variety in alleles come from?mutationsHomozygous refers to what?Both alleles in a pair are the sameWhat are the sources of variationthat can arise during sexual reproduction?MutationSegregation/Independent assortmentLinked genes Crossing over, leading to RecombinationThe idea that before meiosis (splitting) sometimes a pair of chromosomes exchanges alleles: the allele on one side will switch with the allele on the other side is called:crossing over, which results in recombinationThe idea that alleles sort independently oftheir source (i.e., whether they came fromyour maternal or paternal grandmother, yourmaternal or paternal grandfather)is called:Segregation/independent assortmentThe idea that sometimes segments ofchromosomes will stick together, that is,several genes stick together during meiosis,with the result that some material may benot so independently sorted is called:linked genesThe ultimate source of all allele variation(why there are different codon sets forthe same gene)
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