Review of Genetics Part I A codon is composed of Three pairs of bases A codon gives the blueprint for making what An amino acid A gene is composed of a number of sets of codons A gene gives the blueprint for making what A protein Variant sets of codons are called what alleles Can different sets of alleles result in the same phenotype Yes But they can also result in a different phenotype Can different sets of alleles result in the same genotype No TRUE or FALSE An individual can evolve during their lifetime FALSE Evolution occurs in populations There is a direction to evolution A species becomes more complex FALSE There is no direction to evolution The variation that is favored in populations is that variation best adapted to any changes in the environment That portion of a DNA molecule that carries a code that instructs the cell to make a particular protein is called what gene which can also be called a locus The section of DNA that codes for a particular amino acid is called what codon TRUE or FALSE Codons are composed of three sets of bases TRUE A codon gives the blueprint or instructions for a particular amino acid TRUE A gene is a sequence of codons TRUE Populations are adapted to their environment Population undergoes adaptive change when the environment changes Variation already exists Those best adapted survive Those who survive pass on their variation to their offspring These tenets are part of what famous theory The theory of natural selection Who formulated the theory of natural selection Alfred Russell Wallace and Charles Darwin Given that genes occur at specific places on specific chromosomes what is another name for a gene locus plural loci TRUE or FALSE The number of chromosomes you have is related to how complex you are FALSE Mitosis is the process that splits pairs of alleles in order to make gametes or sex cells FALSE That process is meiosis Gametes are haploid have just one of the sets of alleles TRUE poly means di means mono means ploid means poly means more than one A polygenic trait is influenced by two or more genes mono means one A monogenic trait is determined by one gene di means two ploid means number All cells in our body except gametes are diploid What is the difference between genome and genotype Genome the total genetic endowment of a species Genotype the variant alleles present in an individual Where does variety in alleles come from mutations Homozygous refers to what Both alleles in a pair are the same What are the sources of variation that can arise during sexual reproduction Mutation Segregation Independent assortment Linked genes Crossing over leading to Recombination The idea that before meiosis splitting sometimes a pair of chromosomes exchanges alleles the allele on one side will switch with the allele on the other side is called crossing over which results in recombination The idea that alleles sort independently of their source i e whether they came from your maternal or paternal grandmother your maternal or paternal grandfather is called Segregation independent assortment The idea that sometimes segments of chromosomes will stick together that is several genes stick together during meiosis with the result that some material may be not so independently sorted is called linked genes The ultimate source of all allele variation why there are different codon sets for the same gene is mutation
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