Slide 1Slide 2Slide 3Slide 4Slide 5Slide 6Slide 7Slide 8Slide 9Slide 10Slide 11Slide 12Slide 13Slide 14Slide 15Slide 16Slide 17Slide 18Slide 19Slide 20Slide 21Slide 22Slide 23Slide 24Slide 25Slide 26Slide 27Slide 28Test 1 on Friday, Sept. 28TEST 1 is 50 points Most questions are half a point18 pts Multiple Choice10.5 pts True/False11.5 pts Matching 6 pts Definitions 4 pts Lists (1 pt each)PowerPoint lectures and reviews areposted on Blackboard underCourse Documentsalso see the Study Guide!Learn the Vocabulary List under Course Documentsand take the practice quizzes under AssignmentsHopefully, you 1.Took notes during lectures2.Printed out a copy of your Worksheetsand you should study from those, tooWe’ve had four online Worksheets,graded instantly. If you printed a copy,you can study from themIf you missed the deadline for a Worksheet,1 pt off for first late worksheet, 2 for 2ndNo late makeups allowed after that: you lose all 10 ptsToday at noon was the ultimate last chanceto submit a late worksheetSomething that is given in classANDOn a WorksheetANDOn a practice quizANDListed on the vocabulary listIs most likely to be on the test.Lists are the onlyquestions that will count 1 point each;the rest are 1/2 point each.What topics are likely to be on the test?Topics covered so far include:What is anthropology; frameworksEthics of anthropological researchBasic archaeological methodsDating the pastBasic genetics for understanding evolutionPrimates (taxonomy and characteristics)Primate behaviorANTHROPOLOGYWhat is it? What are the four major subfields?Study of humans, everywhere and everywhen. It is holistic, comparative, and interdisciplinary in outlook and approachBiological, cultural, archaeology, linguisticsIt outlines our responsibilities to the people/animals we study, those who fund our research, and to the profession. We also have responsibilities to our students.Our code is not used to judge cases, but instead used to educate studentsAnthropologists have a professionalcode of ethicsApproach to course:Scientific method vs. Scientific creationismAre they both scientific?Principle of UniformitarianismRates and processes in the past are the sameas they are today. Therefore, our present observationscan be used to explain or model change in the past.Basic archaeological methodsused to recover the fossil record:What three basic steps?1. Survey to find sites or fossil localities2. Test site/locality to learn about stratigraphy, time period, size, integrity3. Excavate to open up a more horizontal area and learn about a particular time periodSpecialized vocabulary:Site vs. fossil localityArtifact vs. fossilStratigraphy and Law of SuperpositionDating TechniquesWhat do you need to know about dating?Whether a technique is relative or absolute;What materials are appropriate for each technique;When for radiocarbon, potassium-argon, and dendrochronology (can date from when to when?)Dating the PastRelative vs. absolute datingRelativeStratigraphic analysis based on Law of SuperpositionIndex Fossil conceptSeriationBone chemistry analysis,e.g., fluorine absorptionAbsoluteRadiocarbon (C14): what is B.P.?Potassium-Argon, Argon-Argon (K/Ar or Ar/Ar)ArchaeomagnetismDendrochronologyAnother vocabulary word: TaphonomyBasic Genetics for Understanding EvolutionLots of vocabulary, but we can guess what might be especially important to know:Evolution:Natural selection:Population:a change in allele frequency in a populationover time. Evolution is about populations,not individuals.survival of the fittesta group of individuals that interbreedsThe Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium Principle illustratesmathematically that evolution will NOT take place ifwhat four conditions are met?The sources of variation (different alleles) upon which natural selection works:Ultimate molecular source: mutation (a change inthe genetic code). Most are neutral.Sources of variation during sexual reproduction:MutationSegregation/Independent assortmentLinked genesCrossing over, resulting in recombinationSources between generations in a population:MutationGene flowGenetic driftNatural selectionGenetics vocabularyMitosis vs meiosisGenotype vs phenotypeHomozygous vs heterozygousRecessive vs sex-linkedMonogenic vs polygenic traitsGene pool and allelesGenetic drift vs gene flowGenetic drift and founder effectSpecies vs raceGradualism vs punctuated equilibriumPRIMATESWhat are the two suborders and how do they differ? How do primates differ from other mammals?Anthropoids vs.Prosimians: more primitive (evolved earliest). Do not have all the characteristics that typify primates.Physical: Long, moist snout; no color vision; have a grooming claw; quadrupedal or vertical clinging and leaping locomotionBehavioral: typically nocturnal in habitAnthropoids:New World and Old World monkeys,apes, and humans.Hominoids:Apes and humansHominids:humansWhat do you need to know about primate taxonomy?From order to genus, the categories that lead to humans;Differentiate between prosimians and anthropoids;Differentiate lower categories within anthropoids;No genus or species names, but know how to write oneNo details about behavior except chimp/general apeWhich of the following is typed correctly?Homo SapiensHomo SapiensHomo sapienshomo SapiensH. sapiensHomo s.Homo sapiensHow do you properlyhand write the same thing?Homo sapiensNOTE you underline toindicate italics. You make itclear that genus is capitalizedand species is not. The line isnot continuous.Primate characteristicsas typified by anthropoids:Physical:Grasping, pentadactyl hands and feetEmphasis on sight over smellTactile pads and nailsGeneralized skeleton with retention of clavicle Expanded and more complex brainBehavioral: Parental investment andSocialityPrimate vocabularyAnalogy vs homologyTaxonomy vs taphonomyAnthropoid vs prosimianHominoid vs hominidForms of locomotionArboreal vs terrestrialY-5 cusp pattern and dental formulaPrehensile vs pentadactylLesser apes vs great apesSexual dimorphismPrimate behaviorWhich primate’s behavior is seen as analogous,and which homologous to human behavior?Primates are social animals.They recognize individuals.Each individual has a place within the dominance hierarchy of the group.How do primates communicate?Facial expressions, vocalizations, touch, body languageWhat kind of cognitive abilities do primateshave, and how do we know?* Can use symbolic language* Can express new ideas, apply to new concepts* Displacement: can discuss things not
View Full Document
Unlocking...