Slide 1Slide 2Slide 3Slide 4Slide 5Slide 6Slide 7Slide 8Slide 9Slide 10Slide 11Slide 12Slide 13Slide 14Slide 15Slide 16Slide 17Slide 18Hominoidea (hominoids):lesser apes, great apes, and humansHylobatidae(Lesser Apes)Gibbons and Siamangs of southeast Asia and IndonesiaBoth are arboreal brachiators, living in wooded areasBasic social unit a primary group (monogamous pair) with dependent offspring. Males help rear young.Highly territorial(National Geographic 1993) GibbonThe smallest of the apes.Arboreal brachiators, widespread in southeast Asia,especially Malaysia.Females and males ca. 3 ft tall, 13 pounds.Eat fruits, occasional insects and small animals.Siamangs grow up to 25 pounds.Pongidae (Pongids) (the Great Apes)OrangutansGorillasChimpanzees (including Bonobos)The great apes are larger and heavier than the lesserapes, and spend a considerable amount of time on theground. Young apes do still brachiate(National Geographic 1993)OrangutanOrangutanEat a variety of fruit, bark, leaves, and insects.Tend to be solitary animals; thus, difficult to observe.Social unit is a female and preadolescent young.At present, two subspecies found in heavily forestedareas on Borneo and Sumatra in Indonesia.Are almost completely arboreal, but typically dofour-handed climbing.Sexually dimorphic, with males weighing over200 pounds and females weighing less than 100 lbs.(National Geographic 1993)GorillaThree subspeciesFound in forests ofequatorial AfricaSexually dimorphic:female weighs halfas much as male.Male can weigh 400 lbs, stand 6 ft tallGorillaWestern Lowland gorillaEastern Lowland gorillaMountain gorilla (ca. 600 alive in wild)Build nests to sleep in tree near groundLive in troops of one or sometimes twolarge sil verback males, some adultfemales, and their subadult offspringAll are almost exclusively vegetarian:leaves, pith, and stalks; some fruit(National Geographic 1993)ChimpanzeeTwo speciesLive intropical Africa,morewidespreadthan gorilla(National Geographic 1993)Bonobo or pygmy chimpanzeeLive only in CongoChimpanzeesAre omnivorous, but like fruit. Occasionally catch and eat meat.Like gorillas, are knuckle-walking quadrupeds,but they spend more time in the trees (they are smaller)Sexual dimorphism is less: males weigh over 100 lbs,but females may weigh 80 lbs. Like humans, femalesapproximate 88% of the average male height.ChimpanzeesLive in large, fluid communities of as many as 50individuals. At core of community is a group of bondedmales who are territorial. Females are more likely tomigrate to a new group than are males.On daily basis, forage for food in small family group.BonoboCompared to chimpanzees, More linear body,Longer legs relative to armsRelatively smaller headA dark face from birth,Tufts of hair at side of the faceMore arboreal than chimpanzeesLess excitable and aggressiveChimpanzeeBonoboBonobo communities are centeredaround females: male offspring staysbonded to mother.Have more frequent sex than otherapes, and use it to avoid conflict.(National Geographic 1993)HumansThe only habitualbipedal primateHominidae (hominids)(National Geographic 1995)(National Geographic 1995)Primates are endangeredDeforestation through forestry and firesHunting for “bush meat” for humansHunting for trophiesKill when agricultural pestsCapture to use in laboratory
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