Hominoidea hominoids lesser apes great apes and humans Hylobatidae Lesser Apes Gibbons and Siamangs of southeast Asia and Indonesia Both are arboreal brachiators living in wooded areas Basic social unit a primary group monogamous pair with dependent offspring Males help rear young Highly territorial Gibbon The smallest of the apes Arboreal brachiators widespread in southeast Asia especially Malaysia National Geographic 1993 Females and males ca 3 ft tall 13 pounds Eat fruits occasional insects and small animals Siamangs grow up to 25 pounds Pongidae Pongids the Great Apes Orangutans Gorillas Chimpanzees including Bonobos The great apes are larger and heavier than the lesser apes and spend a considerable amount of time on the ground Young apes do still brachiate Orangutan National Geographic 1993 Orangutan At present two subspecies found in heavily forested areas on Borneo and Sumatra in Indonesia Are almost completely arboreal but typically do four handed climbing Sexually dimorphic with males weighing over 200 pounds and females weighing less than 100 lbs Eat a variety of fruit bark leaves and insects Tend to be solitary animals thus difficult to observe Social unit is a female and preadolescent young Gorilla Sexually dimorphic female weighs half as much as male Three subspecies Found in forests of equatorial Africa National Geographic 1993 Male can weigh 400 lbs stand 6 ft tall Gorilla Western Lowland gorilla Eastern Lowland gorilla Mountain gorilla ca 600 alive in wild Build nests to sleep in tree near ground Live in troops of one or sometimes two large silverback males some adult females and their subadult offspring All are almost exclusively vegetarian leaves pith and stalks some fruit Chimpanzee National Geographic 1993 Two species Live in tropical Africa more widespread than gorilla Bonobo or pygmy chimpanzee Live only in Congo National Geographic 1993 Chimpanzees Are omnivorous but like fruit Occasionally catch and eat meat Like gorillas are knuckle walking quadrupeds but they spend more time in the trees they are smaller Sexual dimorphism is less males weigh over 100 lbs but females may weigh 80 lbs Like humans females approximate 88 of the average male height Chimpanzees Live in large fluid communities of as many as 50 individuals At core of community is a group of bonded males who are territorial Females are more likely to migrate to a new group than are males On daily basis forage for food in small family group Bonobo Compared to chimpanzees More linear body Longer legs relative to arms Relatively smaller head A dark face from birth Tufts of hair at side of the face More arboreal than chimpanzees Less excitable and aggressive Chimpanzee Bonobo Bonobo communities are centered around females male offspring stays bonded to mother Have more frequent sex than other apes and use it to avoid conflict Hominidae hominids Humans The only habitual bipedal primate National Geographic 1993 National Geographic 1995 National Geographic 1995 Primates are endangered Deforestation through forestry and fires Hunting for bush meat for humans Hunting for trophies Kill when agricultural pests Capture to use in laboratory experiments War
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