Chapter 10 The Iberian Peninsula Southwestern corner of Europe 03 18 2015 o Portugal and Spain are the only two countries on the Iberian Peninsula Spain is about five times bigger than Portugal o Meseta Large plateau about 2 000 feet high in the center of Spain Agriculture o Weather hinders agricultural efforts o Wheat can be grown in northern Meseta regions as well as rice corn potatoes apples and rye Cork trees are also abundant o Wine grapes are grown in both countries Portuguese wine Ports ros and madeira sweet and fruity Spanish wine Sherry and others o Olives and oranges Rocky soils are well suited for growing o Livestock Sheep and pigs History and Culture o Moors Islamic invaders from Africa Took over the peninsula in 711 CE for 350 years o El Cid Spanish military hero fought many battles for both the Moors and Catholics freed Valencia from Moors in 1094 o Catholics defeated the Moors at Granada in 1492 o Portuguese Navigators Prince Henry the Navigator Sponsored voyages of exploration aboard caravels to distant places Magellan Led the first circumnavigation of the world from 1519 1522 Died in the Philippines during the trip Bartolomeu Diaz Sailed around the Cape of Good Hope in 1488 Vasco Da Gama Opened trade routes to India in 1498 and 1502 Cort s Explored Central America specifically Mexico in the 16th Pizarro Conquered the Incas in Peru in the 16th century established Spanish dominance there o Spanish Explorers century o Inquisition A period when Spain required all non catholics to convert or leave the country sometimes including torture and imprisonment o General Franco Spanish dictator for about 40 years in the 20th century o Language Portugal Portuguese Others Basque Galician Catalan lisp Spain Castilian Mostly catholic but also Jewish and Muslim Mosque at Cordoba o Moors architecture The Alhambra at Granada A royal complex built on top of a hill overlooking Granada o Fado Portuguese musical form of blues sung to a guitar o Religion Arts Food o Portugal o Spain Generally simple Breakfast Light bread and jam with coffee or hot chocolate Lunch Dinner Much heavier than breakfast Pork and fish are the most important proteins Pork Ham and sausage Fish Bachalhau Dried and salted cod Vegetables Peppers garlic onions tomatoes potatoes kale rice Chorizo Sausage flavored with paprika and chilies that can either be hot picante or sweet dulce Flan Baked custard dessert with caramel in both countries More fancy and adventuresome compared to Portugal Breakfast Strong coffee or hot chocolate with a Churro Fried quick bread similar to a donut but shaped into a fluted stick before frying Paella Rice colored yellow and flavored by saffron and topped with cooked vegetables seafood and meats Saffron Orange to yellow colored spice the stigma of purple crocus adds color and flavor to dishes rice Cocido Stew containing three parts cooked vegetables soup and boiled meats Tapa Small plate of food designed for nibbling while having a drink in the late afternoon or early evening after siesta and before dinner Sopa De Ajo Garlic soup Gazpacho chilled soup of mixed vegetables beef or chicken stock red wine vinegar and olive oil Sangria Wine fruit punch Red wine with mixed fruit juices Basques Group living in the Pyrenees Mountains who created a cuisine over many centuries Marmitako Basque stew made with tuna and potatoes Porrusalda Basque stew that features potatoes and leeks Bakalo Al Pil Pil Basque dish made with salt cod and served with a garlic sauce Chapter 11 Greece and the Middle East Greece 03 18 2015 o Part of the Balkin Peninsula but extends to Peloponnesus Peninsula extending off the southwestern region of France o Agriculture Rugged terrain Wheat corn cereal crops grapes olives citrus fruit and rice are commonly grown Sheep are raised and used for dairy products and meats Olive oil is used generously in cooking Feta Product of ewe s milk Fish are available from the nearby seas History o The Levant Land at the eastern end of the Mediterranean Sea including Syria The Central Anatolian Plateau of Turkey Large and barren but Grapes figs olives cotton and tobacco are grown along the Lebanon Israel and Jordan grows wheat successfully Aegean Sea Corn fruit tobacco and nuts are grown along the plains facing the Black Sea Southern part of Turkey produces citrus sesame bananas oil seeds olives and cotton Iran Beluga caviar harvested from sturgeon in Caspian Sea dry climate Olive trees are very popular as well as citrus papaya eggplant dates and tomatoes Livestock Mostly sheep but also cattle and chickens o Hittites Civilization occupying parts of Turkey and Syria to Mesopotamia for more than four centuries o Phoenicians People living in Lebanon who sailed extensively to trade o Byzantine Empire Eastern part of the former Roman Empire powerful o Byzantium Early name for the city once called Constantinople but now with many other regions for almost a millennium called Istanbul o Ottoman Empire Large empire centered in Turkey that ruled for more than 600 years ending after WWI Religion o Judaism First major religion practiced in the Levant When Romans took over Jews could no longer allowed to practice Judaism which led to many deaths and violence o Islam Conquered Byzantine Empire Architecture of the Levant o Temple Mount Dome of the Rock Most important spot in Jerusalem for Muslims because it contains a spot where Muhammad is believed to have departed from earth to enter heaven Western Wall Wailing Wall Stone wall forming part of the Temple Mount important to Jews to pray Hagia Sophia Dominant building in Istanbul domed church Christian which has been attacked repeatedly Blue Mosque Close to Hagia Sophia Art o Elgin Marbles Greek sculptures in British Museum o Istanbul has beautiful mosques and palaces Topkapi and Dolmabache Castles o Klezmer Music in Israel Food Patterns appetizer o Eggplant olives onions other vegetables legumes wheat lamb mutton o Mezze Small portions of traditional dishes served together as an o Vassilopita Rich sweet bread containing a good luck coin to celebrate the new year in Greece on March 25 o Pita Pocket bread that is common throughout the Middle East o Lavosh Armenian cracker bread basically a very thin version of pita without a pocket o Phyllo Extremely thin dough that is formed into large sheets and serves as the main ingredient for desserts and some main dishes o Baklava Baked dessert made of multiple layers of phyllo brushed with honey butter rosewater and
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