Two competing trends in today s food scene Globalization Why foods from all over the world are served everywhere Local locavores sustainability using only those foods that are naturally found in the area Understand where global foods come from and what real foods are to understand the dynamics Food origins People ate what was around them hunter gatherers Sheep 8000 BCE Goat Pigs Cattle Water Buffalo Notable Crops Flour Emmer Einkorn Farro Taro General farming practices Maize Wet Rice Farming Heirloom texture aroma Industrial agriculture often selects crops for trait like disease resistance and high yields instead of for flavor and texture not on test quiz open pollination not cross pollinated or hybridized wider variety better flavor Rice trading 300 BCE 600 BCE coffee grown and transported from Ethiopia to Yemen Influences Determining Diet Geography Mountainous regions not suitable for most agriculture rugged terrain extreme temps due to elevation lower valleys used for grazing Ideal gently rolling land well suited fertile crescent Farming civilizations flourished only where the land was naturally inclined for agriculture Environmental factors Crops need adequate moisture but not too much natural rainfall is adequate in some areas others require irrigation systems Rice was the staple grain in monsoonal areas wheat was the staple grain in areas that received more moderate amounts of rainfall Temperature length of growing season fermented beverages by 7000 BCE Timeline of culture help for studying Food origins and trade table Emerging Trade routes Globalization is not a new trend Spices Important Trade routes Food Insecurity Weather Food Availability Distribution and Economics Microloans to Alleviate poverty Culture the way of life of a group of people Food Equation depends on population accessibility production and distribution FAO Food and agricultural Organization localized problems natural disasters that create food shortages the cycle Food Assistance and Politics Alleviating hunger why ban food assistance humanitarian perspective The sum of attitudes customs and beliefs that distinguishes one group of people from another A way of thinking behaving or working that exists in a place or organization The ats and other manifestations of human intellectual achievement regarding collectivity Ethnicity the affiliation with a race people or cultural group A social group Components of culture country of birth housing language arts literature architecture Country of birth the economy and the agricultural conditions combine within a country to define one of the parameters of the nation s food culture From Chapter 1 dominant religions etc all affect the way people eat food availability income economic agricultural landscape government Housing largely a function of country of birth level of prosperity Elegant single family homes vs one room homes for example Language provides the means to share thoughts ideas information Helps to define what a nation is culturally Dialect variations within same country Arts Literature Architecture enduring relics indicating values of past and present Culture Time Germ western nations Linear active people who plan schedule organize and do one task at a time US Switzerland o Time is moving in a linear fashion from past to present Time spent not accomplishing tasks is viewed as wasted time Americans Swiss Germans British Netherlands Austria Scandinavian o Concentrate one task at a time o View time as clock and calendar oriented time is quantifiable scarce expiring Multi Active do many things at one time Planning revolves around the relative urgency or importance of each task at hand not the time frame during which to accomplish the task Italy Latin American Countries o The more things you can do at once the more fulfilled you will be o Not interested in schedules and punctuality in the same way that linear active cultures are o Consider the present reality a higher priority than future appointments o Spaniards Italians Arabs completing a human interaction is more important than the time it takes to do so o The business we must accomplish and the conversations we will have at the meeting are more important than the time we scheduled the meeting for very difficult for linear active mindsets to grasp o Punctuality less important Reactive also known as cyclical Value courtesy and respect of interactions Pay attention to other side s proposals and ideas carefully quietly China Japan Finland o Cyclical time predominant mindset in eastern world time is not scarce it revolves in a never ending cycle o Time is not running away or being wasted o Asian culture is more reflective and contemplative less urgent in regards to time o Any decisions made right now will come back around again with similar opportunities risks rewards when the involved people are wiser o circle around the pool o Chinese o Japanese In order to make well considered decisions but also place a great value on time Punctuality is important Economize time especially in business meetings and professional work and demonstrate respect for one another by acknowledging the value of the other persons time Meticulous segmentation of time based on properness courtesy and tradition Not similar to the western mindset of segmenting time based on efficiency and maximum results Carefully time regulated social interaction Up to a 2 minute exchange of business cards when meeting for the first time Classes and learning environments class will not start until a formal request is made by a student for the teacher to begin Class will not conclude until students express appreciation to the teacher for spending time with the class Elaborate ritualistic tea ceremonies Spectrum of cultural perspective of time Lewis Model Americans perceiving time Time is money scarce commodity Seize the day Americans frown on idle time busy busy busy Wasting time spending time budgeting time saving time Cultural Dimensions Immigration Melting pot effect People immigrate to find better lives for themselves and their families Nations with a history of empire building often have a cultural mixture still evident today UK with substantial Indian influence Personal Space contact versus non culture close talkers Lifestyle customs meal hours work days time perceptions siestas Body Language Eating habits utensils vs hands order of service behavior of host eldest eating first men eating first Cultural insights that contrast with the US Far East o
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