Chapter 1 Study Questions 1 What geographic characteristics were found in the Fertile Crescent that favored the development of an agrarian society society that depends on agriculture a The Fertile Crescent was the region in Mesopotamia where early civilization and agriculture flourished in the valleys of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers Rich farmland with water and weather suited to raising food crops are the geographic characteristics found in the Fertile Crescent that favored the development of an agrarian society 2 Why is development of a culture dependent on the food supply a A culture and society can only grow as large as the food supply without proper resources no society can develop Environmental factors such as water and growing conditions determined the feasibility of early farmers growing a crop in a particular location 3 Civilizations that were on the shore of the ocean tended to have food 4 The civilization that was wiped out by the consequences of a volcanic provided by a Fishermen eruption was a Minoan 5 True The Greek civilization developed before the Roman Empire 6 False The Aztec civilization developed before the Mayan 7 The Roman Empire was a Split in the 3rd century BCE 8 Not important 9 Not important 10 Why was rice the staple cereal in Japan Why was wheat the traditional grain in Central Europe a Rice was the staple cereal in Japan because it was a monsoonal area Early people living in rice growing areas did not eat wheat because it did not grow well in such wet conditions Rice thrived in Japan b Wheat was the traditional grain in Central Europe because it was an area that received moderate amounts of rain i Rainfall influenced the diets of people long ago in different regions particularly before trade developed between regions 11 Briefly describe each of the following empires Western Roman Mughal Persian and Mycenean a Western Roman Empire vast empire based in Rome that gradually was formed to cover much of the areas along the Mediterranean coast into Turkey France and England b Mughal Empire empire in Afghanistan and northern India established by Babur in the 16th century which blended Persian and Indian cultures c Persian Empire The Achaemenid Empire empire that extended from the eastern end of the Mediterranean eastward to central Asia then southward to northern India and the Persian Golf conquered in 331 BCE by Alexander the Great d Mycenean Empire civilization centered on the Greek Peloponnesus that controlled Crete and other Mediterranean islands resulted from the abrupt end to the Minoan civilization 12 Why were food patterns influenced by empire builders a When conquerors established themselves by settling among the conquered for extended periods considerable sharing of such aspects as foods and arts of both cultures resulted in lasting changes many of which are still evident today 13 Compare the food patterns of citizens of the Roman Empire with those of the Mongol Empire and discuss the reasons for the differences a Romans also brought their food patterns with them as their empire extended across Europe and into Africa and Asia Greek foods and dining practices had been assimilated and further elaborated by the Roman aristocracy When the roman legions conquered and occupied new lands they also introduced their cuisine featuring heavy spices thick sauces and wine Such fare could be enjoyed in the provinces because the roads built by the Romans and their subjects made it possible to transport spices and some food from great distances b The food habits of the Mongols were drastically different from those of the Greeks and Romans The harsh climate and living conditions of the Mongol s native lands fostered a diet based heavily on meats from both wild and domesticated animals Grain was also available and frequently was made into noodles Vegetables and fruits were rare Meals were far less elaborate in the Mongol than in the Roman Empire and were a means of survival rather than an entertainment 14 Why and where in Africa are serious food shortages occurring a Twenty one African nations were on a list of nations needing assistance from outside their borders with Somalia Ethiopia Sudan Guinea Bissau Uganda Kenya and Zimbabwe being identified as particularly critical in their need for assistance The underlying reasons varied from country to country and included civil strife war conflict and low productivity sever drought and economic instability 15 What are some roles the United Nations is playing to help decrease human suffering due to lack of food security a The United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization International Red Cross and various religious groups and private foundations usually are actively involved in helping to distribute food and other aid where serious food shortages occur Unfortunately sometimes food cannot be distributed to those who need it the most Key Terms Chapter 1 1 The four main reasons we eat what we eat a Geography b Climate c History d Religious and cultural 2 Different environments and what they mean a Depending on the environment that one is a part of usually is the reason behind why that environment eats what they eat Environmental factors water and growing conditions Refer to number 10 of study questions i Fish could be part of the diet for people living near water 3 Early grains and their origins a Wild emmer wheat from Palestine b Einkorn wheat from Syria c Barley cereal grain from India 4 Hellenistic Greece Roman Empire and what they brought a Hellenistic Greece brought architecture dining Alexander the Great b Roman Empire Italy food government roads 5 Food origins and destinations a Europe North America cabbage and onions b Central America Europe chocolate sweet potato tomato c Southeast Asia Europe spices d China Europe rice tea e East Africa Europe coffee 6 Nations at risk for food insecurity a Several African nations b Bangladesh c North Korea Chapter 1 Vocabulary Emmer an early type of wheat farmed in Palestine by 10 000 BCE Einkorn a type of wheat grown in Syria around 9000 BCE Barley cereal grain eaten by humans and animals Taro starchy root vegetable that thrives in tropical climates Manioc inclusive name for group of related tropical plants native to the western hemisphere that had fleshy roots rich in starch Achaemenid empire empire that extended from the eastern end of the Mediterranean eastward to central Asia then southward to northern India and the Persian Gulf also called the Persian Empire conquered
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