HFT 2890 Exam 3 Ch 11 15 Bolded Words or Phrases are of extra importance or words on sidebar in the book Land at Eastern end of Mediterranean Sea includ Ch 11 Greece Turkey Levant ing Syria Lebanon Israel Jordan and Palestine Geographic Overview into it Bodies of Water Mediterranean Sea Persian Gulf Tigris river and Euphrates river fill Peloponnesus Peninsula extending off the southwestern region of France Turkey straddles two continents Europe and Asia Bosporous Narrow channel that separates Europe from Asia between the Sea of Mar Tigris and Euphrates Rivers come together at Shatt al Arab which then feeds into Per mara and the Black sea sian Gulf Greece General Points Religion Eastern Orthodox 98 Capital Athens Language Greek Cradle of Western Civilization Democracy Western Philosophy Turkey General Points Severe Earthquakes Language Turkish Religion Islam Capital Istanbul used to be Byzantium and Constantinople Crete Part of Greece 5th largest island in the world Cretan Greek Dialect Center of Europe s first civilization Minoan 2700 1420 BC Agriculture Greece wheat corn rice grapes citrus olive oil fish sheep Used for dairy meat feta cheese came sheep milk specifically The Levant rocky hilly terrain and water is scarce NO PORK b c of Islamic Religion Corn fruit nuts tobacco sesame bananas grapes figs olives sheep cattle chickens cotton Greek History Peloponnesian Wars Athens vs Sparta was long and devastating which led to decline of culture Reshaped Ancient Greece lost luster Turkey History Hittites Civilization occupying parts of Turkey and Syria to Mesopotamia for more than four centuries to about 1200 BC Phoenicians People living in Lebanon who sailed extensively and evolved into powerful Byzantine Empire Eastern part of former Roman empire power for almost a millennium Turks ruled for about 200 years Ottoman Empire ruled for about 600 years up until WWI traders Religious Impact on the Levant Pivotal much transformation went from Greek Orthodoxy to Judaism to Christianity to Islam Whirling Dervish sect within Islamic faith spiritual connection to Allah very gentle Hagia Sophia In Istanbul Turkey Was a Christian church turned into a mosque kind Israel Judaism and is now a museum Greek Holidays Feast of Basil New Year Vassilopita Greek Independence Day March 25 Feast of Annunciation Easter red eggs lamb on a spit Food Patterns Greece Light Breakfast Hearty Lunch Late Supper Iran Beluga Caviar comes from Caspian Sea Greek Wines 3rd most mountainous country Retsina pine resin drips into bottle of wine after being sealed wine of the past Pita Lavosh Armenian Cracker Bread Tahini Paste of ground sesame seeds Falafel Deep fried ball or patty ground chickpeas or fava beans usually served in a pita Baklava Phyllo dough butter honey nuts Dolmas Grape leaves Key Terms Hagia Sophia Istanbul Turkey went from church to mosque to museum Dolmas stuffed grape leaves usually containing rice and often other ingredients may be served hot or cold Tabouli Salad containing soaked bulgur minced parsley and mint diced tomatoes olive oil and lemon juice Spanikopita Main dish consisting of many layers of phyllo spinach and other ingredients Baklava baked dessert made of multiple layers of phyllo brushed with butter honey or rosewa ter Hummus dip made with puree cooked chickpeas tahini lemon juice garlic olive oil Lavosh Armenian cracker bread very thin version of a pita Bosporous channel between Europe and Asia lots of pollution 3 main religions eastern orthodox islam judaism Chapter 12 North Africa Geographic Overview Atlas Anti Atlas Suez Canal Highway to India took 10 years to build opened 1869 The Maghreb Northwest Africa Tunisia Algeria Morocco Barbary Coast Berber Inhabitants of Libya and Maghreb Fierce fighters Moroccan Mountains Four Mountain Ranges The Rif The Middle Atlas High Nile River Flows along 10 countries north flowing longest river in world Aswan Dam where Nile River is damned controversy b c flooding created great soil hydroelectricity 1 3 crops a year Agriculture Little Rainfall Sahara Desert oasis sand storms Irrigation only way for agriculture in most areas near Nile River in Egypt 2 14 miles small area for population History and Culture 4th Dynasty Pyramids Sphinx 31 Dynasties Aborigine Egyptian Ptolemaic Dynasty Under Alexander the Great Greek ended when Cleopatra and Marc Antony committed suicide in 30BC when Octavian captured Alexandria Then Arabs had control then French for 3 years with Napolean British rule until WWII Islam became dominant religion beginning in 7th century two different sects Shiite Branch of Islam practiced by those who follow Ali the prophet s son in law Sunni Branch of Islam practiced by those who follow the descendants of the fifth caliph Moors inhabitants of northwest Africa mixture of Arabs and Berbers Moroccan Water Vendors walk the streets selling water in a guarba cup Hajj Pilgrimage to Mecca Saudi Arabia one of largest pilgrimages in world Fifth Pillar of Islam religious duty once in a lifetime cleansing of sins Daily Life in Egypt Souk Marketplace Safsari Women covering themselves in robes Burnoose dark cape like hooded garment worn by Arab men particularly in Morocco Food Patterns Mezze First course various dishes small amounts Tea is an important beverage tea dance ceremonies Mint tea sweeter in North Morocco pesticides a concern in mint leaves Bastila flaky crusted pigeon pie with flavorings Moroccan specialty Different regions different wheat Bet tai large disc found in Egypt and Maghreb and uses flavorings like anise corn millet vs Pita smaller both use wheat bread Key Terms Dovecotes Used to catch pigeons Bastilla Pigeon pie originated in Morocco Couscous Dominate cereal served with meat The Hajj Journey to Mecca Berbers Berber Inhabitants of Libya Maghreb Tagine Stew prepared in a round pottery bowl topped with a conical lid Moroccan Harira Hearty soup containing legumes meat and veggies and seasoned spices with lemon eaten during Ramadan Chapter 13 West Africa Geographic Overview much of North Africa Volta River White Red Black tributaries 45 feet deep Niger River 3rd longest river in world 1 interior delta and 1 at the coast traverses Sahel ecoclimatic transition Sahara desert to the north and Savannahs to the south with lush vegetation stretches across Africa from Atlantic Ocean to Red Sea rocky dry arid land semi nomad people Transhumence have permanent home but travel during different seasons Problems in West Africa weak treat
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