WOH 1030 Terms list for Final Exam 1 Treaty of Versailles was one of the peace treaties at the end of WWI It ended the state of war between Germany and the Allied Powers o It was signed on June 28 1919 o Germany lost huge areas of land o Most of its armed forces were striped from them o Germany had to pay huge reparations o Germany was to accept full blame for causing the war League of Nations International organization founded in 1919 o To promote World Peace and cooperation but greatly weakened by the refusal of the 2 o It proved ineffectively in stopping aggression by the Italians the Japanese and the Germans United States to join in the 1930s 3 Fridtjof Nansen o Norwegian scientist and Arctic explorer o Famous for his voyages in Arctic o Winner of Nobel Prize for his humanitarian efforts o Helped refugees and victims of WWI Russian Civil War and other conflicts o Proposed temporary certificates to allow residence in countries where refugees were not citizens these would be called Nansen Passports o Example of Celebrity Activism o People who fear of being prosecuted for reasons of race religion nationality social group o A person who is outside their country of citizenships because they have well founded o Established by Fridtjof Nansen o It allowed those who did not have nationalities from their old countries to move across o Took office in 1929 and headed the 2nd Minority Labour Government o Wanted to slash the budget reduce government salaries and cut unemployment benefits o His strong desire to make the Labour Party politically and socially respectable led him to reject more radical programs o Made Moderate Reforms for workers healthcare retirement and welfare programs o Formed a coalition ministry called the National Government composed of Labour Conservative and Liberal ministers o He remained Prime Minister until 1935 he was a tool of the Conservatives 7 Easter Rising o Began on April 24 1916 where 1500 volunteers took apart of o Was mounted by Irish Republicans with the aims of ending British rule in Ireland o Establishing the Irish Republic at a time when the British Empire was heavily engaged in WWI 4 Refugees and or political opinion grounds 5 Nansen passport Europe 6 Ramsey MacDonald o The main causes of the Easter Rising o Revival of the Irish Republican Brotherhood o Carsonism o War and its consequences Irish Volunteer Force split the disillusionment and the coalition o New Nationalism o Patrick Pearse and James Connolly were responsible for military organization o It was suppressed after 7 days of fighting and its leaders were court martialed and executed but it succeeded in bringing physical force republicanism back to the forefront of Irish politics 4A Nurses Station before 12 45pm after 12 45 get Centre registration 431 1494 4am 8 Beer Hall Putsch o In 1923 the Nazi s trying to cause an uprising to overthrow the government Weimar Republic in Munich when Hitler fired his pistol in the ceiling and 16 others were shot o Only 3000 Nazis marched and Hitler was arrested spending a short time in prison Hitler wrote Mein Kampf o Putsch was a failure because o Nazis were not organized o Few supported Nazi s at this point o Bavarian Government did not support Nazi s o Hitler sent to prison and Nazi s gets banned o Putsch was a success because o Hitler is forced to rethink his strategies o Nazi s gain huge publicity from trial o Hitler get lenient sentence and writes Mein Kampf 9 Kulaks o Better off peasants resisting collectivization o Destroyed their crops buildings and animals rather than giving them back to the government o Stalin ordered their liquidation of a class o Millions were arrested executed or starved o He was attempting to eliminate all opposition to his rule of the Soviet Union 10 Josef Stalin 1879 1953 o Ruled the Communist Party of Russia from 1922 1953 right after Lenin o Created a totalitarian state o Famous for his purges cruel tyrannical and evil 11 Vladimir Lenin o Russians revere him as the Father of the Bolshevik Revolution o He led the armed overthrew the provisional government in Russia in 1917Signed the Treat of Brest Litovsk to end the fighting Russia and Germany in WWI in 1918 o Introduced the New Economic Policy in 1921 o He began a political reform by organizing Russia into the new self governing republics and named the country the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics in 1922 o He organized the Communist Party and created a constitution based on socialistic and democratic principles 12 First Five Year Plan o Communist party created industries and cities from scratch and trained peasants to work in factories mines and office o Industrialization hastened environmental changes 13 Siberia o Largest city manufacturing center would be Novosibirsk o Resources would be o Timber mineral ores diamonds coal oil and natural gas o Siberia has a harsh climate lands would be frozen for months o The most important industries would be lumbering and mining o Siberia s population would consist of Ethnicity and Russian low population o People would move to Siberia because of the Trans Siberian Railroad 14 Black Tuesday o This is the name given to October 29 1929 o This date signaled a selling frenzy on Wall Street 15 Isolationism 16 The Great Depression the 1930s 17 Benito Mussolini o Days before stock prices had plunged to desperate levels o Investors were willing to sell their shares for pennies on the dollar or they were simply holding on to the worthless certificates o Banking collapse o Much of the banking system collapsed followed the stock market crash o Money supply greatly decreased causing inflation o A national policy of avoiding involvement in world affairs o Americans were extremely isolationist in the period leading up to WWII o The economic crisis beginning with the stock market crash in 1929 and continuing through o Was the deepest and longest lasting downturn o Serving as President FDR tried to move the nation away from isolationism and toward internationalism with the Quarantine Speech and the Atlantic Charter o Fascist dictator of Italy from 1922 to 1943 o In 1935 he led Italy to conquer Ethiopia o In 1936 he joined Germany in the Axis Pact o Allied Italy with Germany in WWII o He was overthrown in 1943 when the Allies invaded Italy o Demanded complete loyalty to the state and classes were required to devote themselves for the good of the nation 18 The Black Shirts o Was a private army under Benito Mussolini o They destroyed socialist