WOH 1030 Exam 2 Terms Treaty of Versailles Written by the allies Marked the ending of WWI exactly 5 years after the assassination of Franz Ferdinand Spelled out the terms of peace with Germany The negotiations revealed a split between the French who wanted to dismember Germany to make it impossible for it to renew war with France and the British and Americans who did not want to create pretexts for a new war League of Nations Result of the Paris Peace Conference Proposed by Woodrow Wilson as part of his Fourteen Points Plan Guaranteed the territorial integrity and political independence of member states Based in Geneva Switzerland because it was a neutral country and had not fought in WWI The United States never joined Germany Russia were not allowed to join Fridtjof Nansen From Norway Appointed high commissioner responsible for the repatriation from Russia of about 500 000 prisoners of war from the former German and Austro Hungarian armies The Soviet government would not recognize the League of Nations but negotiated with Nansen personally Introduced the identification card for displaced persons known as the Nansen passport The Nansen International Office for Refugees was created in Geneva after Nansen s death it cared mainly for anticommunist Russians for Armenians from Turkey and later for Jews from Nazi Germany Refugees Millions of displaced persons crowded into camps searching for food and shelter after WWI Admission of Germans into other countries became very prominent after the war even those who had nothing against Jews were apprehensive about opening their country up to thousands of Germans in the midst of the Great Depression Nansen passport Dealt with by the League of Nations The first legal instrument used for the international protection of refugees People had issues with the fact that these refugees didn t have documents Allowed people to migrate somewhere else Ramsey MacDonald From England in the 1920s The first prime minister from the Labor Party working class people Resigned from party leader because of his opposition to Britain s participation in WWI His main ambition was to demonstrate that the Labor Party could govern responsibly and effectively Easter Rising Intended to take place across Ireland however various circumstances resulted in it being carried out primarily in Dublin Group of Irish nationalists proclaimed the establishment of the Irish Republic and staged a rebellion against the British government in Ireland The rebels seized prominent buildings in Dublin and clashed with British troops Within a week the insurrection had been suppressed and more than 2 000 people were dead or injured Initially there was little support from the Irish people for the Easter Rising however public opinion later shifted and the executed leaders were hailed as martyrs In 1921 a treaty was signed that in 1922 established the Irish Free State which eventually became the modern day Republic of Ireland Beer Hall Putsch Staged by Adolf Hitler and his followers A plot to seize power of the Bavarian state government and thereby launch a larger revolution against the Weimar Republic by kidnapping Gustav von Kahr the state commissioner of Bavaria Hitler and about 20 of his associates burst into the hall and Hitler fired a shot into the ceiling and declared a national revolution They convinced the three Bavarian leaders to give in to Hitler s demands for the march on Berlin Hitler made the mistake of leaving the beer hall later that night to deal with crises elsewhere in the city and by the next morning the putsch had fizzled Kulaks Formerly wealthy farmers that had owned 24 or more acres or had employed farm workers Stalin believed any future insurrection would be led by the Kulaks thus he proclaimed a policy aimed at liquidating the Kulaks as a class Were left homeless It was also forbidden by law for anyone to aid dispossessed Kulak families Deported to special settlements in the wilderness of Siberia during this era with up to a third of them perishing amid the frigid living conditions Josef Stalin Dictator of the Soviet Union after Lenin Transformed the Soviet Union from a peasant society into an industrial and military superpower Ruled by terror and millions of his own citizens died during his brutal reign Collectivized farming and had potential enemies executed or sent to forced labor camps Aligned with the United States and Britain in World War II but afterward engaged in an increasingly tense relationship with the West known as the Cold War After his death the Soviets initiated a de Stalinization process Vladimir Lenin First leader of the Soviet Union Emerged as a prominent figure in the international revolutionary movement and became the leader of the Bolshevik faction of the Russian Social Democratic Worker s Party Introduced the New Economic Policy where a measure of private enterprise was again permitted Masterminded the Bolshevik take over of power in Russia First Five Year Plan List of economic goals created by Josef Stalin Concentrated on the development of iron and steel machine tools electric power and transport Those that failed to reach the required targets were publicity criticized and humiliated some workers could not cope with this pressure and absenteeism increased this led to even more repressive measures being introduced Siberia Under joseph Stalin Location where people were exiled to prison camps Black Tuesday The Stock Market Crash The day in which stock prices collapsed completely Sent America and the rest of the industrialized world spiraling downward into the Great Depression Isolationism Political prospective of the United States after WWI Meant that they no longer wanted to be involved in European conflicts but would be involved in things in Latin or South America People believed that the US entered war because some people profited from it FDR tried to pull Americans out of the isolation perspective Over 90 of Americans during the 1930s were isolationists The Great Depression The deepest and longest lasting economic downturn in the history of the Western industrialized world Consumer spending and investment dropped causing steep declines in industrial output and rising levels of unemployment as failing companies laid off workers Some 13 to 15 million Americans were unemployed and nearly half of the country s banks had failed Though the relief and reform measures put into place by President Franklin D Roosevelt helped lessen the worst effects the